Viruses encode many ways to antagonize the Pkr pathway. Which is not a direct target of viral Pkr antagonists? Group of answer choices stress granules eIF2-alpha Pkr dsRNA
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- In your own words, explain how damage to the host cell's DNA can trigger latent bacteriophage to become productive. As part of your answer, explain the roles of the following: viral repressor protein, Rec A, Lex A, umuD gene.Which of the following is an example of virus-encoded molecules modifying signal transduction pathways to promote replication? Production of a small subgenomic RNA in flavivirus-infected cells Degradation of Xrn1 in poliovirus-infected cells Herpes simplex virus protein that blocks pre-mRNA splicing Poliovirus cleavage of nuclear export proteinsWhich of the following is an example of virus-encoded molecules modifying signal transduction pathways to promote replication? Group of answer choices Production of a small subgenomic RNA in flavivirus-infected cells Degradation of Xrn1 in poliovirus-infected cells Herpes simplex virus protein that blocks pre-mRNA splicing Poliovirus cleavage of nuclear export proteins
- Bacteriophage T4 lacks its own RNA polymerase.How do T4 genes get expressed or converted to mRNA?What host barriers must be broken before release ofvirions from the host cell?Which step(s) in the replication cycle of HIV can still occur in the presence of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor? Select all that apply. transcription of viral genes initial viral attachment viral assembly integration of viral DNA into host genome initial viral entryDuring infection of a cell by Coronavirus, the N protein is: found on the outer surface of the virus particles synthesized on bound ribosomes on the rough ER synthesized in the cytosol on free ribosomes part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase required for binding of the virus particle to cells
- Please help explain this LAPTM5 Transport HIV-1 Env to the lysosome for degradationa. Which type of viruses can be directly used for translation? a) dsRNA b) Positive ssRNA c) Retroviruses d) Negative ssRNA b. An antiviral drug specifically modifies viral receptors on a eukaryotic host cell. How might this affect the viral reproductive cycle? It would enhance the process of viral apoptosis It would result in the degeneration of the viral capsid It would facilitate the process of viral endocytosis It would prevent the virus from attaching to the host cellDescribe the role of the Gag polyprotein during the assembly of HIV components at the host-cell plasma membrane.
- "You wish to produce a subunit vaccine for a nonenveloped positive‐sense RNA virus that will stimulate the production of neutralizing antibodies in the person receiving it. Indicate which of the following viral proteins would be a logical candidate for such a subunit vaccine, and state a brief justification. a. Viral capsomer proteinb. Viral protein that is bound to the RNA genome inside of the virionc. Viral RNA polymerase"Select the likely mechanism of action for this viral reverse transcriptase inhibitorAntigenic shifts in influenza viruses are represented by dra-matic changes in the viral antigens. It is likely they arise fromrare events in which:(a) Two different influenza viruses infect a cell at the sametime(b) Two separate viruses undergo lysogenic conversion(c) Two viruses conjugate(d) Mutations accumulate(e) All of the above