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What are four levels of protein structure, and explain how a protein's shape determines its function? Explain denaturation.

What makes hypervariable region I (HVRI) within mtDNA useful for researchers studying continental pa...

How does non-compliance with antibiotic treatment regimens lead to the generation of drug resistant ...

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What do the adjectives obligate and facultative mean with regard to microbes?

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What advantages are associated with segmented bodies and appendages?

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The active coenzyme form of thiamin is






1.


involved in glycolysis.








2.


located in th...

What are the advantages and disadvantages to semisynthetic penicillins?

What method can be used to achieve sterilization?

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How might a single base pair difference about 100 bases before the start codon of a gene cause a mut...

Echinacea usage is associated with abdominal bloating.






1.

True







2.

False

What are the most characteristic symptoms of diphtheria and why was this disease so deadly prior to ...

4. In dogs, the tendency to bark while traliling is due to a dominant gene while
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Write an essay over genetic mutation. Must include Deletion vs Inversion Vs Duplication vs Transloca...

how did metazoans evolve from a choanocyte like ancestor

In considering the rate of reaction for urea conversion, the enzyme is  ____________ the substrate i...

VIRUS

who do they multiply (compare and contrast Lytic cycle to Lysogenic cycle)
what are the parts...

What effect does room temperature affect the stomata? Does it open or close?

When innoculate the bacteria noticed yellow colonies, is that staphylococcus aureus or straphylococc...

What is obligate aerobe and obligate anaerobe?

Citrate test
What is the only souce of carbon in this medium?

What do you expect to happen to the frequnecy of the F allele after 1000's of generations
It will re...

2. A red snapdragon is crossed with a white snapdragon plant. Red pigment is
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Lactose operon and how does the system work

Using an online research tool such as the A-Z index on the CDC website, explain why Listeria monocyt...

Explain how sexual selection might lead to a)sexual dimorphism and b) members of one sex (usually ma...

Name the biological vector for the diseases such as Malaria, Chagas disease, and Sleeping sickness.

Create a flow chart: Overview of Aerobic respiration

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How will treatment for the second tuberculosis infection likely differ from the first round?

Describe the process of development, from fertilization to parturition.

Why might Gamma irradiation be considered better than using UV radiation?

use a flowchart to describe how a parasite obtains its food

When studying the spread of pumas across the continents you are focusing on …
a. Population and orga...

Lactobacillus acidophilus ferments glycogen produced by the vaginal epithelium forming ________ ____...

TRUE or FALSE. The Enterotube II can only be inoculated using a culture from a nutrient broth media.

During the absorptive state, assuming a balanced diet without need for gluconeogenesis, give example...

How does Gamma radiation control the microbial growth affect of cells?

1) Calculate the percent heterosis for a trait where breed A averages 100 lbs, breed B averages 150 ...

Differentiate between the male and female reproductive systems. Describe how they are symbiotic.

A dietary supplement can be described as






1.


a prescription formulated adjunct to one’s dieta...

Why are porriferans asymetrical? Cnidarians radial? The rest bilateral? (based on evolution)

What is the concentration of H+ and OH- at pH 2, 6, and 12?

Proteins are bluiding blocks of an organisms structure. &nbsp;These seve various functions such as formation of structure in form of muscles, provide immunity in form of antibodies, catalyze reactions in form of enzymes etc, &nbsp;Chemically, proteins are biomolecules containing carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms in their structure. These are polymers formed of amino acids as their monomers. Amino acids contain both -COOH as well as -NH2 groups in their structure. These groups of two amino acids form condense with each other and form peptide bonds.

Structurally, protiens are classified in four levels.&nbsp;<ol><li>First level is primary structure which is &nbsp;straight chain structure composed on amino acids bonded to each other by peptide bonds. The first amino acid with free -NH2 group is called N-terminal amino acid while one with free -COOH group is called C-terminal amino acid. This level has protein which is freshly translated from mRNA. &nbsp;Protein is termed as&nbsp;simple polypeptide in this level.</li><li>Second level is the secondary structure of protein in which primary structure forms hydrogen bonds with itself. Two types of secondary structures are&nbsp;alpha helix&nbsp;and beta sheets.&nbsp;</li></ol>Alpha helix is formed when primary structure forms helical shape, it is stabalized by hydrogen bonds formed between -NH and -CO of first and fourth amino acid.&nbsp;Beta sheets are formed when primary structure lines up and forms pleats. The amino acids, which occupy opposite position in these pleats, form hydrogen bonds between their CO and NH groups.&nbsp;So, secondary structure is stabalized by hydrogen bonds.3. Third level or tertiary structure is that in which the polypeptide is coiled on itself to form 3-dimensional structure. Distant amino acids of polypeptide come closer in this structure. It is stabalized by four types of interactions i.e. hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, disulfide linkages, hydrophobic interactions.&nbsp;4. Fourth level or quarternary structure is that in which protein is composed of two or more subunits. Each subunit is an idependent polypeptide. These subunits are coiled with each other and together form a functional protein. Example, hemoglobin has four polypeptides. &nbsp;

Shape of protein directly governs its function. Shape itself depends on the primary structure or more specifically to the amino acids present in protein. These amino acids decide which type of secondary or tertiary structure is possible for a protein and hence ...

Biology

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What are four levels of protein structure, and explain how a protein's shape determines its function? Explain denaturation.

What are four levels of protein structure, and explain how a protein's shape determines its function? Explain denaturation.

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