Could you answer please? What do you understand by Safety factor, puncture and Flashover of Insulator

Answered: What do you understand by Safety…

Delmar's Standard Textbook Of Electricity

7th Edition

ISBN:9781337900348

Author:Stephen L. Herman

Publisher:Stephen L. Herman

Chapter12: Batteries And Other Sources Of Electricity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12RQ: 12. How is the A-hr capacity of a lead-acid battery determined?

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Could you answer please?

What do you understand by Safety factor, puncture and Flashover of Insulator

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Step 1

The part section of a pin type insulator is shown in the figure below:

Step 2

Insulators should be designed such that they are required to withstand both electrical stress i.e. voltage gradient and mechanical stress i.e. tension on it due to the weight of the conductor.
The electrical stress is primarily due to the line voltage that causes the breakdown of the insulator. The electrical breakdown of an insulator can occur either by flash-over or puncture.
Flash-over: In a flashover, an electric arc occurs between the insulator pin (which is grounded) and the line conductor (which is live). The discharge due to electric arc jumps across the air-gaps as shown in the figure below follows the shortest distance i.e., from $a \to b \to c$ .
In the flash-over, the insulator remains safe until an extreme heat produced by the electric arc destroys the insulator.

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