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What does it mean for viral DNA to program cells? explain in your own words as simply as possible.
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- Which of the following viral nucleic acids can be used as a template to produce mRNA? Select all that apply. plus strand DNA plus strand RNA minus strand RNA minus strand DNATo study the interaction between viral proteins and Z-DNA, how could Z-DNA-forming DNA be synthesized in the lab?If you worked for a pharmaceutical company and wanted to develop a vaccine to prevent viral replication, how could you use your knowledge of RME to your advantage?
- Should animals be utilized in viral pathogenesis research? Why or why not? Need at least a full paragraph please!How do you think the complexity of the viral assembly process correlates with viral genome size?Now that we know our genome is not pristine (changes all the time) and it is full of viral and other “junk” sequences (diagramed below), what benefit does the junk DNA provide us?
- Why does one need a vector to clone a DNAIf a researcher wants to use bacteria to make a eukaryotic protein, she should use a plasmid from: Group of answer choices: bacterial cells eukaryotic cells a cDNA library a genomic DNA libraryWhich vectors (plasmid, phage λ, cosmid, bacterial artificial chromosome) can be used to clone a continuous fragment of DNA with the following lengths? a. 4 kb b. 20 kb c. 35 kb d. 100 kb
- Which of the following would you need to clone a human gene? Choose all that apply A restriction enzyme Human DNA A donor goat nucleus An enucleated egg A surrogate mother DNA ligase A plasmid vector (or other type of DNA vector, e.g. phage, BAC)The smallpox virus, which actually has a fairly large genome size for a virus (about 190,000 base pairs), must use which of the following enzymes to replicate its nucleic acid? A. DNA-dependent-DNA-polymerase B. RNA-dependent-DNA-polymerase C. DNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase D. RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase E. reverse transcriptaseWhy not just inject the double-stranded cDNA that codes for the spike protein of the virus? What additional step or steps would you need to use to get the human muscle cells to produce the spike protein if the cDNA was injected to serve as the virus? The new Covid19 vaccine produced by two companies (Pfizer, Moderna) uses mRNA coding for part of the spike protein of the virus. The virus uses the spike protein to invade human cells where it replicates. Is it surprising that the mRNA must be stabilized with chemicals that need ultra-cold or frozen storage to protect the mRNA from degradation before it causes human muscle cells to make the spike protein?