What does it mean to have a stable database state, and how does one achieve it? The DBMS gives no guarantee that the symbolic meaning of the transaction appropriately represents the underlying real-world event. What are the consequences of such a restriction? Describe an example. What exactly is meant by "serializable transactions"?

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Concurrency Control

The simultaneous occurrence of two or more operations is called concurrence and the situation is called concurrency. In concurrency, the function of one operation can affect the function of the other and put data integrity at risk. Hence, management for the control of concurrency is required. The management or controlling system in the Database Management System (DBMS) that coordinates concurrent access is called the concurrency control system.