What does the Q cycle accomplish in each of its two rounds?

Q: What is the purpose of G1 checkpoint?

A: Introduction :- The G1 checkpoint, also known as the restriction point in mammalian cells and the…

Q: What are the FMN, Fe-s, Q, cytb, and cyt a3?

A: FMN, Fe-s, Q, cytb, and cyt a3: These are part of the electron transport chain.  electron transport…

Q: How does the p53 tumor-suppressor protein control cell-cyclecheckpoints?

A: Cell cycle checkpoint controls play a major role in preventing the development of cancer . a cell…

Q: What are Extranuclear genes?

A: Genetics is a branch of biology that deals with genes, heredity, and variation. Heredity purely…

Q: What is the CDK(present or absent) of G1 checkpoint?

A: CDK is cyclin dependent kinases which form complexes with cyclins and regulate cell cycle.

Q: What is the initiation complex and how it is different from the preinitiation complex?

A: Initiation complex - All the components required for the the initiation of translation process is…

Q: In a Ccpp individual, which functional enzyme ismissing? Is it the enzyme encoded by the C or P…

A: Recessive Allele is the result of a loss of function mutation.

Q: What is conversion of dUDP to dTTP?

A: A nucleoside triphosphate is a molecule containing a nitrogenous base bound to a 5 carbon sugar…

Q: Is the CDK present in Intra S-phase checkpoint

A: It includes cell division, replication and growth. All these processes should be carried out in a…

Q: What is the CDK(present or absent) of G2 checkpoint?

A: A cell cycle is a series of events that a cell passes through from the time until it reproduces its…

Q: 28. How do regulatory gradients produce many different patterns of gene expression?

A: NOTE: since you have posted multiple questions. So we will be solving the first question for you. As…

Q: What are  ras Proto-oncogenes ?

A: Ras Proto-oncogenes - Ras is an example of a proto-oncogene. Here we will know about the Ras…

Q: difference between a hard release and soft release? Explain

A: In the case of hard release, animals are directly released into a new environment. The animal is not…

Q: What are the needed materials/molecules of G2 checkpoint?

A: The cell cycle is a highly regulated process. The cell cycle has many checkpoint. Main function of…

Q: What is the duration of Intra S-phase checkpoint?

A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…

Q: Explain the construction of knockout mice?

A: Knocking out the action of a gene gives significant insights about what that gene ordinarily does.…

Q: What is the major histocompatibility complex?

A: MHC molecules bind to peptide fragments derived from pathogens and display them on the cell surface…

Q: Define about Taq polymerase ?

A: Answer: Biotechnology is the branch of science which deals with the application of biological…

Q: How does the CRP mechanism contribute? Where does it come from?

A: Inflammation is a defence process carried out by the immune system in which the entry of the antigen…

Q: Define the role of lactose in induction ?

A: There is a wide range of meanings of induction in biology depending on the branches of biology. In…

Q: Is the CDK present in Mitotic checkpoint?

A: Mitosis is defined as cell duplication or division during which one of the cells will divide and…

Q: the needed materials/molecules of Mitotic checkpoint?

A: CELL CYCLE:- When a cell is to divide, it is expected to synthesize its various components including…

Q: What are the different checkpoint mechanisms? Why are these important?

A: Cell cycle checkpoints are milestones that ensure the normal advancement of the eukaryotic cell…

Q: What are knockout mice, how are they produced, and for what are they used?

A: The gene knockout is a mechanism in which one of the genes of an organism is made inoperative. The…

Q: What are chromatin remodeling complexes?

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a double helix nucleic acid structure that carries the genetic…

Q: Is the CDK present in G2 checkpoint?

A: Various checkpoints control the cell cycle..

Q: What is the CDK(present or absent) of Mitotic checkpoint?

A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…

Q: Define induction and types of induction.

A: The sexually reproducing animals develop a zygote after fertilization which then undergoes repeated…

Q: What is the duration of G1 checkpoint

A: It includes cell division, replication and growth. All these processes should be carried out in a…

Q: What is the purpose of a major histocompatibility complex?

A: Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a tightly linked cluster of genes present in every…

Q: What is a notch 3 gene mutation test?

A: Notch is a cell surface receptor that receives and transmits signals in notch signalling pathway. It…

Q: What are the needed materials/molecules of Intra S-phase checkpoint?

A: DNA replication takes place more actively in the S phase of the cell cycle which occurs in between…

Q: Why is folding in the ER slow and inefficient and how are the misfolded ones degraded?

A: Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is the QC check point of the ER which helps to…

Q: What events does the RecA protein facilitate?

A: Introduction  DNA strands is composed of nucleotide base pairs sequence such as Adenine, guanine…

Q: Describe the construction of knockout mice?

A: A knockout mice is a special type of mouse which is genetically modified in which scientists have…

Q: What Control ElementsRegulate Expression ofthe mPGES-1 Gene?

A: The mPGES-1 gene in humans is responsible for encoding an enzyme involved in the synthesis of…

Q: What is the duration of G2 checkpoint?

A: A cell cycle is a series of incidents that happens in a cell when it tends to grow and increase in…

Q: What is a lysogen and what is a prophage?

A: Bacterias are single-celled organisms with a cosmopolitan distribution. The bacteriophage on the…

Q: What is gene targeting in embryonic stem cells?

A: Introduction Gene targeting in the embryonic stem cells through homologous recombination techniques…

Q: what are the normal funtions of the p53 gene

A: p53 gene is also called as tumour suppressor gene or Tp53 gene produces the protein called tumour…

Q: What is the CDK(present or absent) of Intra S-phase checkpoint?

A: The cell cycle has various phases, such as G1, G2, S, M, and Go. S-phase is the interphase in the…

Q: hat is the difference between autologous vs. allogeneic stem cell transplants?

A: Stem cells are the cells which are present inside bone marrow of an organism and these cells are…

Q: What is the vitro mixture  ?

A: All living organisms are a complex entity of a lot of chemical and biological reactions. A…

Q: What are gratuitous inducers ? Explain importance of gratuitous inducers ?

A: An inducer is a molecule that regulates gene expression in molecular biology. An inducer can be used…

Q: What is this survival signal?

A: Survival signaling is usually concerned with blocking the survival signals of the cancer cells.…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.