Q: What are genetic mapping studies?
A: Gene mapping is used to map the relative positions of genes on a chromosome using a cross over…
Q: What is the name of first clones sheep?
A: A clone is an organism or cell, or group of organisms or cells, produced asexually from one ancestor…
Q: describe what is CNVCopy number variant?
A: The human genome consists of 6 billion chemical bases or nucleotides of DNA packed into two sets of…
Q: What is a molecular marker? Give two examples. Discuss why it isgenerally easier to locate and map…
A: Introduction: Molecular markers are specific DNA segments identifiable among others in the whole…
Q: What is the difference between orthologous genes and paralogous genes?
A: The gene families require the new terms that describe the relationship among the genes that…
Q: Describe at least five (05) different types of commercially available vectors for cloning with size…
A: Cloning vectors are small DNA parts that are stably maintained in an organism. The foreign fragment…
Q: What is the difference between a gene tree and anorganismal tree?
A: When considering the evolutionary history of microorganisms, the horizontal gene transfer would…
Q: How Is the Genetic Information Rearrangedby Genetic Recombination?
A: The exchange of genes among the organisms, which leads to offspring with new genetic variants is…
Q: each member of the gene pair come from?
A: Diploid organisms have a pair of genes
Q: Consider two maize plants:a. Genotype C/c m ; Ac/Ac+, where cm is an unstable allele caused by a Ds…
A: Ac and C are unlinked, that the chromosome-breakage frequencyis negligible, and that mutant c /C is…
Q: What is the difference between the concepts of karyotype and genome?
A: Karyotype refers to an individual's shape, size, banding patterns, and number of chromosomes. The…
Q: What is a Paralog and How do you identify a paralogous gene?
A: A gene is a unique sequence of nucleotides which forms a part of a chromosome, which determines the…
Q: What is the most likely order of the linked genes R, S, and T if the distance between R and S is 22…
A: The above scenario based on linkage and maping.
Q: What provides a convenient bridge between the low resolution of a karyotype and the ultra-high…
A: Introduction Cytology refers to the study of cell such as cell morphology, physiology etc. As we…
Q: When applying a genetic algorithm,when are the strings of binary digits often used?
A: Genetic algorithm is defined as the algorithm that reflects the natural selection process in which…
Q: Defi ne palindrome and draw three different palindromic sequences.
A: DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-stranded molecule that is the genetic material in most…
Q: What is the advantage of duplication and divergence of genes?
A: Chromosomal aberration is known as abnormality in the sequence or in the arrangement of the…
Q: How were the specific sequences of triplet codes determined experimentally?
A: The DNA genetic code comprises a set of rules and instructions to obtain proteins and molecules…
Q: What is the smallest genome?
A: The total DNA present in a copy of the complete single genome is called Genome size. The complexity…
Q: How common is dup15q?
A: Dup15q:- Is characterized by having an extra copy of a portion of chromosome 15[partial trisomy] in…
Q: What is a segmental duplication?
A: DNA is the genetic material present within the nucleus in the cell. It maintains the heredity of the…
Q: How can linkage disequilibrium mapping sometimes provide a much higher resolution of gene location…
A: Linkage analysis rely on co inheritance of functional polymorphism, In linkage analysis, there are…
Q: what is the approximate map distance between the two genes?
A: Linkage is a phenomenon which determines how genes are placed in close proximity to each other. It…
Q: What does it mean for a mutation to be allelic?
A: Mutation is the alteration in the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism. It takes place…
Q: Next-generation sequencing reveals that six new mutations have occurred in the coding regions of…
A: Next-generation sequencing is the second-generation high throughput method used to identify the…
Q: How long is the COI gene?
A: A gene is a stretch of nucleotides present in the DNA molecule. It encodes information for the…
Q: How can one construct a genetic map or determine the middle gene based on single and double…
A: A linkage map or a genetic map can be defined as a table for a particular species or experimental…
Q: What is gene gun ?
A: The technique of tissue culture is used for genetic engineering. In this method tissue samples are…
Q: How many male/female sheep are needed to clone one? Cancloning be done by using adult cells?
A: One male and one female sheep is required to clone one because we need one male gamete and one…
Q: What is the principle of Sanger sequencing?
A: DNA sequencing is the process of determining the sequence of nucleotides (adenine, guanine,…
Q: Explain the experimental advantage of genetic mapping?
A: Gene mapping was discovered by Alfred H. Sturtevant. He discovered this in order to identify the…
Q: What term is used to describe the dip at the region marked by 4? What is its purpose?
A:
Q: What is microsatellite polymorphism?
A: Polymorphism: It is set place in population when two members or at least two or more members of…
Q: What is the Pan genome ?
A:
Q: What is the “-10” position of the gene called? Why?
A: DNA is two stranded , ladder like structure which act as genetic material in most of organisms . It…
Q: What is used to calculate the parental DNA ?
A: DNA paternity testing is the utilization of DNA profiles to decide if an individual is the natural…
Q: How would you know exactly where in the genome this locus Is found?
A: Genome is the genetic material of an organism, which consists of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). It…
Q: hat are split genes? Describe.
A: The basic physical and functional unit of heredity is the gene. DNA is the material that makes up…
Q: What is the primary disadvantage of Sanger sequencing?
A: Sanger sequencing the target DNA sequence is determined by copying it into the fragments of…
Q: 6.8 Define a map unit and explain why map units best reflect the real distances between two genes…
A: Genetic map are used to represent the linkage of genes in a chromosome. Genetic maps are mainly used…
Q: What are some general conclusions from human genomic studies regarding the number of genes present…
A: Genes are the units of heredity that are transmitted through generations. Genes contain the genetic…
Q: What is a gene gun used for?
A: Step 1 A gene gun or a biolistic particle delivery system is a device that can transform almost any…
Q: What is the largest gene?
A: The DNA consists of genes that are the functional and physical unit of inheritance. There are some…
Q: What is the largest genome?
A: Genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA. Genome is of two types- Nuclear…
Q: How much of the genetic coding of an organism is contributed by each parent?
A: Genetic code can be defined as the term that is utilized the way that the four bases of DNA--the A,…
Q: Why The Arrangement of Genesin the Genome Is Not Uniform?
A: Introduction There are around 25000 genes present in the human genome which have around 3 billion…
Q: Genes A and B are 6 map units apart, and A and C are 4 map units apart. Which gene is in the middle…
A: Centimorgan is also known as a map unit is a unit for measuring genetic linkage. It shows the…
a) What gene is in the middle?
b) Calculate the genetic distances (in centimorgans, cM) between:
- genes b and cn:
- genes cn and wx:
- genes b and wx:
c) Calculate the interference
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- The following pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of red-green color blindness in a family. Females are shown as circles and males as squares; the squares or circles of individuals affected by the trait are filled in black. What is the chance that a son of the third-generation female indicated by the arrow will be color blind if the father is not color blind? If he is color blind?You have a Drosophila line that is homozygous for autosomal recessive alleles a, b, and c, linked in that order. Youcross females of this line with males homozygous for thecorresponding wild-type alleles. You then cross the F1 heterozygous males with their heterozygous sisters. You obtain the following F2 phenotypes (where letters denoterecessive phenotypes and pluses denote wild-type phenotypes): 1364 + + +, 365 a b c, 87 a b +, 84 + + c,47 a + +, 44 + b c, 5 a + c, and 4 + b +.a. What is the recombinant frequency between a andb? Between b and c? (Remember, there is no crossingover in Drosophila males.)b. What is the coefficient of coincidence?It is assumed that in Drosophila the following genotypes produce phenotypes. َA- B- = Red color A- bb = Plum color aa B- = Magenta color aa bb = White color The third latent genotype, cc, kills homozygous Plums, but has no effect on other genotypes. Also, genotype C- does not produce a large phenotype. If first-generation Drosophilas are heterozygous for all of these genes and interbreed, what phenotypic ratios are expected in society?
- In Drosophila, males from a true-breeding stock with raspberry-colored eyes were mated to females from a true-breeding stock with sable-colored bodies. In the F1 generation, all the females had wild-type eye and body color, while all the males had wild-type eye color but sable-colored bodies. When F1 males and females were mated to each other, the F2 was composed of: 216 females with wild-type eyes and wild-type bodies 223 females with wild-type eyes and sable bodies 191 males with wild-type eyes and sable bodies 188 males with raspberry eyes and wild-type bodies 23 males with wild-type eyes and bodies 27 males with raspberry eyes and sable bodies Which statements are consistent with the above data? (Select all correct answers.) The alleles causing the raspberry-colored eye and sable-colored body phenotypes are dominant to the corresponding wild-type alleles The genes controlling raspberry-colored eyes and sable-colored bodies map…Consider the following three autosomal recessive mutations in Drosophila:vestigial wings (v); wild type is long (v+)black body color (b); wildtype is gray (b+)plum eyes (p); wildtype is red (p+)A vestigal, gray, red female (homozygous for all three genes) is crossed with a long wing, black, plum male (homozygous for all three genes). The F1 female progeny are mated with triple homozygous recessive males. Here is the phenotypic data for the F2 progeny:vestigal; gray; red 580long wings; black; plum 592vestigal; black; red 45long; gray; plum 40vestigal; black; plum 89long; gray; red 94vestigal; gray; plum 3long; black; red 5A total of 1448 progeny were counted.Which one of the following values is the approximate distance between the plum eye color and black body color loci?You have a Drosophila line that is homozygous for autosomal recessive alleles a, b, and c, linked in that order. You cross females of this line with males homozygous for the corresponding wild-type alleles. You then cross the F1 heterozygous males with their heterozygous sisters. You obtain the following F2 phenotypes (where letters denote recessive phenotypes and pluses denote wild-type phenotypes): 1364 + + +, 365 a b c, 87 a b +, 84 + + c, 47 a + +, 44 + b c, 5 a + c, and 4 + b +.a. What is the recombinant frequency between a and b? Between b and c? (Remember, there is no crossing over in Drosophila males.)b. What is the coefficient of coincidence?
- In Drosophila, ebony body colour is produced by a recessive gene a and wild-type (gray) body colour by its dominant allele a+. Vestigial wings are governed by a recessive gene vg, and normal wing size (wild type) by its dominant allele vg+. If wild-type dihybrid flies are crossed and produce 256 progeny, how many of these progeny flies are expected in each phenotypic class?The genes for mahogany eyes and ebony body are approximately 18 map units apart on chromosome III in Drosophila. Assume that a mahogany-eyed female was mated to an ebony-bodied male, and the resulting F1 phenotypically wild-type females were mated to mahogany-ebony males. Of 942 offspring, what would be the expected phenotypes and in what numbers would they be expected?In Drosophila melanogaster white (w) and miniature (m) wings are controlled by X-linked recessive genes with a recombination fruequency between them of approximately 38%. Show the sexes, phenotypes and proportions of offspring expected from the following mating:a. ++/wm female X wm maleb. +m/w+ female X w+ malec. w+/+m female X ++ maleIf we assume that white eyes and miniature wings are not x-linked but are linkedto the autosomal genes, what phenotypic frequencies would you expect from this cross: ++/wm female X ++/wm male?
- In Drosophila, a cross was made between a yellow-bodied male with vestigial wings and a wild-type (WT) female(brown body and normal wings). The F1 generation consisted of WT males and WT females. The F1 males and females were crossed, and the F2 progeny consisted of 16 yellow males with vestigial wings, 48 yellow males with WT wings, 15 brown males with vestigial wings, 49 WT males, 31 brown females with vestigial wings, and 97 WT females. Based on these results, explain the inheritance of the two genes (i.e. autosomal or sex-linked, dominant or recessive).In drosophila, a recessive mutation (m-) of a maternal effect gene results in an abnormal phenotype wherein homozygous (m-m-) females produce eggs that cannot support embryonic development. Homozygous (m-m-) males, however, can still produce viable sperm. Using m+ to denote a normal gene, determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1s produce by a cross between a heterozygous female and a recessive male. From the offspring, backcross the recessive female with the paternal strain. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2s? Show COMPLETE cross for both cases. If m-m- females produce useless eggs, then how are m-m- produced?The mutant genes for vestigial wings and singed bristles are approximately 30 map units apart on chromosome II in Drosophila. Assume that a vestigial-winged female was mated to a singed-bristle male, and that the resulting F1 phenotypically wild type females were mated to vestigial singed males. Of 1000 offspring, which phenotype class would represent the product of crossing over between the genes, and how many would you expect? a) vestigial, 300 flies b) vestigial, 150 flies wild type, 300 flies d) singed, 150 flies e) vestigial, singed double mutants, 150 flies