Q: All of the following are mechanisms used by pathogens to penetrate host defenses EXCEPT: 1.…
A: Correct answer is.. None of the other four answers (all are examples of how pathogens penetrate host…
Q: Which cells are recruited from the bloodstream to the connective tissue (under the respiratory…
A: Macrophages cells are responsible from the blood stream to connective tissue to phagocyte the viral…
Q: True or False: There are antibiotics that target viruses?
A: Major natural source of antibiotics is fungi, bacteria and other prokaryotes. There are hundreds of…
Q: How is a provirus related to disease symptoms? A-the provirus continually lyses cells,…
A: A virus, an unseen microorganism, infiltrates our body. It infiltrates our tissues and then…
Q: How HIV could spread in the human body ?
A: Infection refers to the harm caused by various microorganisms or pathogens entering the body. The…
Q: What is a vaccine?
A: Vaccines are a part of artificial active immunity. Antigens or a mixture of antigens which are used…
Q: Why is it so hard to find a cure for HIV?
A: HIV or the human immunodeficiency virus is a contagious pathogen that attacks the immune system of a…
Q: What is the etymology (origin) of the word "vaccine"?
A: Answer- The "vaccine" word drived from latin Word VACCA mean cow According to World health…
Q: Which of the following most directly causes the symptoms experienced by a person who is infected…
A: The virus enters your body and infects healthy cells. The invader spreads throughout your body by…
Q: Why are encapsolated bacteria generally more pathogenic than un-capsolated strains. a. Because…
A: The capsule is a layer of polysaccharide found outside the cell envelope of bacteria. Capsule gives…
Q: How we can Treatment Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) by using gene therapy? Please answer…
A: SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY:- SCID stands for severe combined immunodeficiency, a group of…
Q: In what type of cell does HSV-1 persist?
A: Herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1) is a dsDNA virus manifestation of painful orofacial or genital…
Q: which human cell machinery do the SARS-CoV-2 uses in order to replicate?.
A: The current COVID-19 pandemic is due to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
Q: Why have attempts to find a vaccine against HIV been unsuccessful?
A: Human Immunodeficiency Viruses are types of lentivirus which causes immunosuppression in humans and…
Q: What part of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a potential target site for a vaccine? Explain your reasoning;…
A: Vaccine is a preparation which is responsible for producing the active acquired immune response in…
Q: What is the Coronavirus? Is it a living organism? How does it reproduce? The current vaccines that…
A: Note : Hi. Since you have asked many questions. The three first questions will be answered and if…
Q: What are the evolutionary origins of HIV-1 and HIV-2?
A: HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) belongs to a family of retroviruses, all of which have RNA as…
Q: What is the basic structure of the HIV virus? What is the function of the glycoproteins of its…
A: We have to explain What is the basic structure of the HIV virus? And What is the function of the…
Q: Why did Sabin create an oral vaccine? - Oral vaccine are always more effective than injected…
A: The immune system is a complicated physiological system comprised of several organs, tissues, and…
Q: How does HIV, which at first glance does not appear to be a highly formidable foe, persist in the…
A: HIV, stands for human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus that destructs the immune system that…
Q: Explain the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
A: The human immunodeficiency(HIV) virus is a virus that attacks cells that facilitate the body fight…
Q: What happens during the 'incubation period'? The virus is cleared from the body by the immune…
A: The incubation period is a process in which time is needed or required for any specific process to…
Q: What are CD4 lymphocytes? What is the relationship between these cells and HIV? How does HIV…
A: CD4 cells are T helper lymphocytes with receptor proteins on their plasma membrane. CD4 is the…
Q: Viral antigens appear on the surface of the infected cell in association with which of the following…
A: Answer is d.)MHC-II complex.
Q: To diagnose someone with HIV, what do they look for in the blood?
A: AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus). This…
Q: Can Cytomegalovirus (CMV) release any toxicant? What I mean is if the virus perform any kind of…
A: Cmv releases toxins which can cause various infection in stomach, liver, intestine, and other…
Q: One of the key biological characteristics of SARS-COV-2, as well as several other viruses, is the…
A: SARS-CoV-2 uses several members of Protein as active antigens. One of the most important is the…
Q: Why can protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogs be used in minimizing the replication of the HIV…
A: Protease is an enzyme in the body that's important for HIV replication
Q: Why do we have to repeat blood typing before proceeding to crossmatching proper? Is screening for…
A: Medical biology is a branch of medicine that use laboratory methods (analytical, microscopes,…
Q: Why do scientists consider SARS-CoV-2 to be an emerging virus? SARS-CoV-2 infected humans for…
A: COVID-19 is the pandemic which is caused by the corona virus, it affects different individual…
Q: How much time does it take for a flu pandemic to infect people all around the world?
A: A disease, which occurs worldwide crossing all the international natural and man-made boundaries is…
Q: Why was it so difficult to produce large quantities of the polio virus(for use in preparing…
A: Poliovirus is the causative agent of polio. It spreads most often from fecal-oral contact. Usually,…
Q: What is the function of the VPg protein of poliovirus,and how can coronaviruses replicate without a…
A: A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells. Once inside a…
Q: A mutation in the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been detected in a strain that is…
A: Introduction- The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused due to…
Q: What are the important differences among a recombinant liveattenuated vaccine, a vector vaccine, and…
A: Vaccination is the process of inoculating an individual with antigenic particles, which can elicit…
Q: Why are the genes that encode these antigens so variable?
A: Immunity can be defined as the presence of different components involved in different mechanisms for…
Q: What is the percentage of humans that are resistant to HIV? What makes them resistant?
A: HIV - is also known as Human immunodeficiency virus infection .
Q: Why do vaccine manufacturers begin with tests on animals or cell lines before moving on to adult…
A: Vaccines are the antigens that are administered into the body.
Q: Some microbes cover their antigen markers (protein configuration) with a carbohydrate based material…
A: Microbes are the organisms who can't be seen by naked eyes.
Q: What are the ethical issues faced in the healthcare system due to the Covid 19 pandemic?
A: The devastating pandemic strike on the global population lead to an influx of infected patients into…
Q: 1. a.Upon looking at these pictures, what are your thoughts regarding this pandemic that we are…
A: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Q: Why do cold sores recur throughout the lifetime of an HSV-1 infected individual?
A: HSV-1 infection of the CNS can have lifelong effects such as permanent temporal lobe damage.After…
Q: Compare Influenza A, Influenza B, SARS-Cov2, and a common cold virus. Include: Structure…
A: A virus refers to the infectious pathogen that replicates only inside the living host cell. The size…
Q: Which vaccine was being tested on mice?
A: Mice are used as a model organism in the research. It is because of the fact that they are…
Q: Is vaccination a futile effort against mutated SARS-COV-2 variants ?
A: Vaccination is done in order to protect person and thus there are active immunization and passive…
Q: How long does a virus infection last without antibiotics?
A: A drug that acts on bacteria is called antibiotics. They come from natural sources, semi-synthetic…
Q: Which of the following is the most likely explanation for an individual who lacks CCR5 as a result…
A: Introduction Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two Lentivirus (a retrovirus subgroup)…
Q: What factors inherent in the variola virus and the disease smallpox made it possible to eradicate…
A: Introduction: Smallpox was the first infectious disease to be eradicated from the world. Its…
Q: Which of the following antivirals blocks WBCs surfaces to which HIV should be bounded? a. Maraviroc…
A: The virus that attacks the body's immune system is known as human immunodeficiency virus. The Human…
Q: How does Mass Blood Donation helps people in the midst of pandemic?
A: By donating the blood by the healthy individual could save the other people who are at risk of…
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- According to the article which was written before the COVID-19 vaccine was created, when do people turn to magic? How can this tendency, which happens across cultures and throughout history, contribute to the current spread of the novel coronavirus and its variants?What is the Coronavirus? Is it a living organism? How does it reproduce? The current vaccines that are being distributed in the United States are made by Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson and Johnson. Explain how they work and how health officials believe they will aid in the pandemic? What should we expect as more and more people get vaccinated? Will things immediately go back to the way they were before? What is the Delta variant and how is it impeding on getting things back to "normal"?Why is it important to continue immunizing children in the United States against measles, even though it is a rare disease here?
- Can Cytomegalovirus (CMV) release any toxicant? What I mean is if the virus perform any kind of chemical rection while inactive like when it is in the environment releasing toxins or when is active inside the host such as inside the human body?What is the etymology (origin) of the word "vaccine"?For any virus that infects animal cells, a vaccine is available. True or False ?
- Why does an inactivated vaccine induce only a humoral response, whereas an attenuated vaccine induces both humoral and cell-mediated responses?What are the immune responses to viral infections? What is the difference between epidemic and pandemic? The “Spanish Flu” in 1918 was caused by the H1N1 influenza virus. What do the “H” and “N” stand for?Why doesn't a vaccine cause a person to get ill?