Q: For an individual organism and an antimicrobialagent, what do the results signify?
A: Introduction In the various microbiological techniques as we isolate and culture different bacteria…
Q: What are the factors affecting the stability of a pharmaceutical product
A: There are mainly three factors affecting the stability of the pharmaceutical product-…
Q: What is the lipid-water partition coefficient of the drug below? Drug AMB Initial volume of water…
A: The ratio of concentration of drug in organic phase and aqueous phase is termed the partition…
Q: What are the common elements of puncture wounds, crush injuries,and compound fractures that…
A: Clostridium perfringens and a few other species of Clostridium cause necrotic tissue infections in…
Q: Define sterilant, and name the principal sporicidal chemical agents.
A: Sterilization is defined as the process where all the living microorganisms, including bacterial…
Q: What are peptones, yeast extract, beef extract, thioglycollate, and agar? Why are they used in…
A: A suitable nutrient medium that provide appropriate biochemical environment and maintains all the…
Q: • Isolate and purify the lead compound if necessary • Determine the structure of the lead compound ►…
A: The process of making candidate medication by applying biotechnology, pharmacology and medicine is…
Q: Write the protocol for the periodic acid schiff technique
A:
Q: Why have the chemical structure of some antimicrobial drugs been modified into semisynthetics?
A: Many antibiotics or antimicrobial drugs halt bacterial infection by interfering with the…
Q: How do hydrogen peroxide agents work and what is their best application as an antimicrobial?
A: Disinfectants are chemical agents applied to non-living objects to destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi,…
Q: phenazopyridine
A: Phenazopyridine could be a pain reliever that affects the lower a part of your tract (bladder and…
Q: Why is it better for a drug to be microbicidal than microbistatic?
A: Any substance which is produced by naturally, artificially or through synthetic origin that kills or…
Q: Match inhibitors, selective ingredients, pH indicators and other components to correct medium phenol…
A: Cultured bacteria are any bacteria that grow in the lab by the microbiologist using the required or…
Q: What are the two most Resistant, and the two most Sensitive microbial structures to antiseptic…
A: Biocides: It is the term used to portray the chemical entity or the living organic entity that can…
Q: Why does penicillin purification use a centrifugal extractor?
A: A Centrifugal extractor is a piece of laboratory equipment that uses rotors to mix two immiscible…
Q: What purpose does water serve in the “Effects of Antiseptics & Disinfectants”?
A: Answer: ANTISEPTICS : These are the liquid or semi-solid cream having some special properties to…
Q: What is the EFFECT and RATIONAL of Molten agar mixed with bacterial suspension has temperature…
A: Bacteria can be cultured in either a liquid media or a solid media based on the purpose of culturing…
Q: What is the differece between disinfection and sterilization? What is the dfference between…
A: Disinfection and sterilization are essential for ensuring that medical and surgical instruments do…
Q: What is the generic name, therapeutic category, and available dosage forms of Feosol®, Fluimucil®,…
A: The details of the drugs given in the table below-
Q: Under what conditions are media typically sterilized in an autoclave?
A: An autoclave is the pressure chamber used to carry out the scientific and industrial processes…
Q: what are the types of analogue in medicinal chemistry? and why it is so important in drug discovery…
A: Introduction Drug analogs in the medicinal industry are compounds sharing structural and therapeutic…
Q: What is MDI? Briefly Discuss the formulation and drug aerosolization process from a MDI?
A: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma patients utilize inhalers to deliver…
Q: The Kirby -Bauer antimicrobial sensitivity testing method relies on: A. The inhibition of one…
A: In Kirby -Bauer antimicrobial sensitivity testing method zone of inhibition is measured to…
Q: The compound used in anti-malarial drug is_______?
A: Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease. It is generally caused by single-celled…
Q: For what purposes is alcohol a useful antiseptic?
A: A microorganism is a microscopic organism which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony…
Q: What types of problem will occurs if excipients are not use during formulation of suspension?
A: Suspension is the heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles do not dissolve but get…
Q: Why are most antimicrobial chemical agents disinfectants rather than sterilants? What general…
A: Most chemical antimicrobial agents are disinfectants instead of sterilants. A disinfectant reduces…
Q: Give the drug examples of emulsion prepare by these method:- 1)dry gum method 2)wet gum method…
A: Emulsions are heterogeneous biphasic systems. Thus, there are two immiscible phases. One of the…
Q: What is the oligodynamic effect? To which chemicals does the term oligodynamic effect apply? Give 2…
A: Microorganisms are the microscopic living things around us. They can inhabit a variety of habitats…
Q: Would puromycin be useful for the treatment of a virus infection? Why or why not? Would…
A: Yes, Puromycin would be useful for the treatment of viral infections. It is an analogue of aminoacyl…
Q: How would you distinguish between Listeria monocytogenes and othe Listeria species on Chromogenic…
A: Listeria monocytogenes is a motile facultative anaerobic gram-positive rod that is present in…
Q: State the principle that underlies the following biochemical tests: a) Methyl red test b)…
A: (a) Methyl Red Test Principle These bacteria initially metabolize glucose to pyruvic acid, which is…
Q: Identify the neutral polymer carrier particle used together with iodine for antiseptic use.
A: Microbes or microorganisms invading and proliferating within an organism's body causes infection.…
Q: How many milliliters of antibiotics (83.7 mg per 5mL) are needed to give a patient a total dosage of…
A: Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals.They work by killing…
Q: mportance of pH adjustment in culture media?
A: Culture media is also known as growth media. It is a mixture of nutrients that helps for the growth…
Q: What ingredients we should avoid after apply 0.5% bakuchiol?
A: Introduction Bakuchiol Is A Vegan Skincare Component Present In The Psoralea Corylifolia Plant's…
Q: Explain this approach: matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) ?
A: MALDI is the technique used to detect the mixture of organic molecules like synthetic biopolymers.…
Q: Define the following terms; Sterilization, and Aseptic Technique. What are the differences between…
A: Microbes invading and proliferating within an organism's body causes infection. Microbes include…
Q: What factors influence the size of the zone of inhibition in antimicrobial susceptibility testing?
A: Zone of inhibition test is also known as kirby-bauer's test. It measures antibiotic susceptibility…
Q: how is the 0.5 McFarland standard prepared? What is the role of this standard in performing…
A: Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) are microbial sensitivity tests that determine the…
Q: What are the tests to determine the level of antimicrobial activity of a antimicrobial agent? How…
A: Antibiotic disc diffusion study is also known as the Kirby-Bauer method in which the susceptibility…
Q: How are dilution susceptibility tests and disc diffusion tests usedto determine microbial drug…
A: Although not all infectious agents require antimicrobial sensitivity testing, it is essential in…
Q: What are the advantages of enhanced biological phosphorusremoval (EBPR) relative to traditional…
A: Wastewater from the laundry, household detergents which contain phosphate, comes under the category…
Q: What are the characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial agent?
A: Microorganisms have a very large world. Some are beneficial to live creatures, while others are…
What is Pindolol drug solubility in water, acidic medium, basic medium?
Pindolol is a non selective beta blocker, mainly used in the treatment of hypertension, angina.
It is a partial agonist and has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.
It is rapidly well absorbed in GI tract.
It undergoes first pass metabolism.
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- What is the difference between Dry and Wet Celloidin Method?Why is 70% the optimum concentration used in the preparation of ethyl as an antiseptic?What are the tests to determine the level of antimicrobial activity of a antimicrobial agent? How dilution susceptibility and disk diffusion test can be used to determine the effectiveness of a drug?
- Based on the USP XXII and NF XVIII, list the part of a monograph of the following: crude drug, natural product, and natural derivatives. The given question to me is: What is a pharmacopeial monograph? Based on the USP XXII and NF XVIII, list the part of a monograph of the following: crude drug, natural product, and natural derivatives.Which stationary phase is better in separation of the components of moringa extract for column chromatography? Sodium Bicarbonate or Silica Gel? And Explain.How can you determine the expiry date of a drug? Is there any role for the ICH on these stability studies? Discuss.
- What are the advantages of the API 20E test compared to regular biochemical tubemediaWhat are the common elements of puncture wounds, crush injuries,and compound fractures that encourage the growth of Clostridiumperfringens? Explain the rationale for debridement andoxygen therapy for such injuries.In detail, why 70% Alcohol is better than 100% Alcohol (as an antiseptic) to control the growth of bacteria?