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Character Development and the Cultivation of Skills
The person who has advanced a fair way into the self cultivation process will
have developed inner resources that are independent of contemporary norms.
Analects 13:23 notes that the junzi, the Confucian paradigmatic person,“ does
not seek to be similar to other people, although he aims to be harmonious
with them:
The chun tzu [junzi] seeks to be harmonious (he) but does not attempt to be
similar (tong). The small man, by contrast, seeks to be similar and is not har
monious (trans. Lau 1979a: 122).
Both in the description of Confucius' developmental path (Analects 2:4) and
the junzi's achievements (Analects 15:21; 15:22), there is a sense of the paradig-
matic person's detachment from conventional norms and expectations:
The Master said, "You can study with some, and yet not necessarily walk
the same path (dao ii): you can walk the same path as some, and yet not
necessarily take your stand with them; you can take your stand with them,
includes the inculcation of a sense of shame (primarily, xiu and chỉ in the
early Confucian texts), an internal consciousness that is uneasy when one
has done bad things especially in the 'eyes of others':" She also has a broad
knowledge and understanding of situations in life, a depth of experience in-
cluding learning from the experiences of others, and the deliberative skills
required in making moral judgments. David Nivison, a contemporary scholar,
argues that the question of self cultivation centres on the inculcation of mor-
al sensitivity, which he terms de (virtue):
.the focus (in Confucian ethics) is not on how to define the good or
the right, or to determine what is good or right; these things will seem
unproblematic. The real problem seems to be how one becomes a person who
has de; and this means that the moral tradition is centered from the start
on selfcultivation and on how one conveys insight to a student or gets the
student to change. (1999: 750)
Just as one might learn from the Book of Odes (also known as the Book
of Poetry) during Confucius' time, the contemporary reader of the Analects
may reflect on a range of skills as they are played out in its different pas-
sages. The passages provide a sense of the complexity and immediacy of
different moral dilemmas. Each situation presents issues with different
moral weights and competing obligations to be fulfilled. These insights
familiarise the reader with an understanding of different obligations, loy-
alties and relational distance in his relationships with others. Especially
in a harsh social environment, loyalties and support networks are an inte-
gral part of good relationships and are instrumental in pulling individuals
through difficult moments. The application of these insights could assist
in the cultivation of some fundamental skills in ethical reflection and
deliberation.
Transcribed Image Text:Character Development and the Cultivation of Skills The person who has advanced a fair way into the self cultivation process will have developed inner resources that are independent of contemporary norms. Analects 13:23 notes that the junzi, the Confucian paradigmatic person,“ does not seek to be similar to other people, although he aims to be harmonious with them: The chun tzu [junzi] seeks to be harmonious (he) but does not attempt to be similar (tong). The small man, by contrast, seeks to be similar and is not har monious (trans. Lau 1979a: 122). Both in the description of Confucius' developmental path (Analects 2:4) and the junzi's achievements (Analects 15:21; 15:22), there is a sense of the paradig- matic person's detachment from conventional norms and expectations: The Master said, "You can study with some, and yet not necessarily walk the same path (dao ii): you can walk the same path as some, and yet not necessarily take your stand with them; you can take your stand with them, includes the inculcation of a sense of shame (primarily, xiu and chỉ in the early Confucian texts), an internal consciousness that is uneasy when one has done bad things especially in the 'eyes of others':" She also has a broad knowledge and understanding of situations in life, a depth of experience in- cluding learning from the experiences of others, and the deliberative skills required in making moral judgments. David Nivison, a contemporary scholar, argues that the question of self cultivation centres on the inculcation of mor- al sensitivity, which he terms de (virtue): .the focus (in Confucian ethics) is not on how to define the good or the right, or to determine what is good or right; these things will seem unproblematic. The real problem seems to be how one becomes a person who has de; and this means that the moral tradition is centered from the start on selfcultivation and on how one conveys insight to a student or gets the student to change. (1999: 750) Just as one might learn from the Book of Odes (also known as the Book of Poetry) during Confucius' time, the contemporary reader of the Analects may reflect on a range of skills as they are played out in its different pas- sages. The passages provide a sense of the complexity and immediacy of different moral dilemmas. Each situation presents issues with different moral weights and competing obligations to be fulfilled. These insights familiarise the reader with an understanding of different obligations, loy- alties and relational distance in his relationships with others. Especially in a harsh social environment, loyalties and support networks are an inte- gral part of good relationships and are instrumental in pulling individuals through difficult moments. The application of these insights could assist in the cultivation of some fundamental skills in ethical reflection and deliberation.
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