What is the most common type of colonic volvulus?

Q: How is the volume of bile increased?

A: The bile is secreted by hepatocytes. It is modified by the cholangiocytes that line the bile ducts.…

Q: What is unusual about the upper part of the GI tract?

A: Introduction: Digestion alludes to the breakdown of food into smaller pieces that can be retained in…

Q: Which portions of the colon are retroperitoneal?

A: The colon is a part of the digestive tract in the human body. It is the largest fraction of the…

Q: How is swallowing initiated?

A: Swallowing is a complex reflex action that is part of the digestion process. It is the process by…

Q: What are the common locations of gastric and duodenal ulcers?

A: Ulcers are referred to as the sore or an open painful wound that mainly occurs on the lining of the…

Q: What are the functions of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters?

A: The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the throat (pharynx) with the stomach. The esophagus is…

Q: What is sarcopenia? Why do some older adults experience sarcopenia? How can sarcopenia contribute to…

A: Muscle is responsible for 60% of the body's protein reserves. Muscle mass loss causes disorders,…

Q: What are the primary cell types of the gastric glands, and what does each type of cell produce?

A: Gastric glands are the glands that locate in different regions of the stomach. Gastric glands…

Q: What is the swallowing reflex controlled by?

A: Digestion is a process of breaking down complex food substances into simpler forms to enable better…

Q: What are the phases of swallowing and how are they controlled?

A: Swallowing is a process in which food is transported from the mouth to the stomach through…

Q: how does gut microbiation trigger constipation? or can gastrointestinal bacteria causes…

A: Various set of conditions can result in acute to chronic type of constipation Lifestlye Food habits…

Q: What is the fundus of the stomach?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  STOMACH  It is the part of the human digestive system. This is the place where…

Q: What is the maximum volume of the stomach?

A: The stomach is the organ of humans and many invertebrates. It is muscular and hollow and a vital…

Q: Draw a sketch of the large intestine and label the cecum, transverse colon, descending colon,…

A: Large intestine - Large intestine is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract, which performs…

Q: How are the liver and gallbladder connected to the duodenum?

A: The liver, pancreas, and gall bladder are accessory organs of the digestive system. The liver…

Q: What are the main features of the intestinal phase?

A: gastric secretion occurs in three phases- CEPHALIC, GASTRIC, AND INTESTINAL PHASE A. CEPHALIC- it…

Q: What are the predisposing factors and characteristics common to inflammatory disorders of the…

A: The group of disorders associated with the gastrointestinal tract's inflammation is known as…

Q: Explain why levels of gastrin are elevated during Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A: The digestive system consists of various organs that begin from the mouth and end in the anus whose…

Q: How is the ingress of air and reflux of acid into the oesophagus prevented when not swallowing?

A: Ans: Acid reflux: When acid is released from stomach to oesophagus it is referred to as acid reflux.…

Q: What is The function of the fundus of the gallbladder ?

A: The gallbladder is a small and hollow organ that is attached to the digestive system by a system of…

Q: Which structures form the lateral, anterior, and superior walls of the oral cavity?

A: The oral cavity forms the primary part of the digestive system and consists of structures required…

Q: What is the next stage of swallowing occurs in the esophagus?

A: Swallowing, also called deglutition, is an involuntary action that takes the chewed food from the…

Q: List the major events of swallowing

A: The process of movement of food or water from mouth to pharynx and further down to esophagus in…

Q: What is the tissue type for the following? Cecum, Appendix, Ascending Colon, Tranverse Colon,…

A: The large intestine is otherwise known as large bowel. It forms the end part of the gastrointestinal…

Q: What is esophageal atresia?

A: Esophageal atresia is a congenital birth defect of the esophagus that is swallowing tube that…

Q: What are the small ducts that drain bile directly into the gallbladder from the liver?

A: The gallbladder is one of the accessory digestive organs. It is a sac-like organ that is attached to…

Q: Name the four portions of the colon.

A: The large intestine is the last part of gastrointestinal tract as well as of digestive system in the…

Q: What are the common causes of and clinical findings in gastrointestinal malabsorption disorders?

A: The small intestine’s main role is to absorb nutrients from food. Malabsorption symptoms include the…

Q: What are the common causes of and clinical findings in functional and mechanical bowel obstructions?

A: Small bowel obstructions fall into two categories: functional — no physical blockage, but bowels…

Q: Lateral to the hypo gastric region?

A: The anatomy of the abdomen is formed of nine abdominopelvic regions or quadrants. They are divide by…

Q: Which action can rescuers perform to potentially reduce the risk of gastric inflation?

A: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the emergency medical procedure used for a patient whose…

Q: What six age-related changes occur in the digestive system?

A: Introduction  In human body digestion is carried out in digestive tract which is comprises of mouth,…

Q: what is the function of the fundus of  gallblader and pancreas?

A: Digestion is the process of mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that…

Q: Which part of the pharynx houses the palatine tonsils?

A: The correct option is Oropharynx

Q: What hormone affects hepatocytes to produce more bile?

A: The liver is a large solid organ found only in vertebrates. The major function of the liver is to…

Q: what are the four types of absorption in the GI tract ?

A: GI (gastrointestinal) tract also known as the digestive system is responsible for the breakdown of…

Q: what is the significance of the blue manometric traces? ... How is swallowing regulated? What is the…

A: Swallowing (deglutition) allows the food and drink to pass down the throat. It is the process of…

Q: what are the variations and distinct features of the esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, stomach,…

A: The digestive system's path from the mouth to the anus is known as the gastrointestinal tract. All…

Q: What are the parts of the ailementary canal?

A: The alimentary canal is the passageway by which food enters our body and exits through the anus…

Q: What is the difference between Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrotectomy?

A: Introduction: Gastric bypass and other weight-loss surgeries like gastric sleeve, roux-en-Y…

Q: What hormones stimulate gastric motility?

A: Hormones are chemical messengers present in the body. They are responsible for many other processes.…

Clinical Pharmacology

Pharmacology is a discipline of medicine that studies how medications interact with the systems and processes of living organisms, focusing on drug action mechanisms as well as therapeutic and other purposes.