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Assume that shares could be repurchased at the current market price of $25 per share. Calculate CD’s expected EPS and TIE at debt levels of $0, $250,000, $500,000, $750,000, and $1,000,000. How many shares would remain after recapitalization under each scenario?
Sales (last year) $1,100,000
Variable costs as a % of sales 60%
Fixed costs $40,000
Total capital $2,000,000
Shares outstanding 80,000
Current stock price $25
BVPS $25
Tax rate 25%
rRF 7.50%
RPM 6.00%
βu 1.25
WACC = rs
WHAT IS THE WACC=rs?
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- Hasting Corporation is interested in acquiring Vandell Corporation. Vandell has 1 million shares outstanding and a target capital structure consisting of 30% debt; its beta is 1.4 (given its target capital structure). Vandell has $10.82 million in debt that trades at par and pays an 8% interest rate. Vandell’s free cash flow (FCFJ is $2 million per year and is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% a year. Vandell pays a 40% combined federal and state tax rate. The risk-free rate of interest is 5%, and the market risk premium is 6%. Hasting’s First step is to estimate the current intrinsic value of Vandell. What are Vandell’s cost of equity and weighted average cost of capital? What is Vandell’s intrinsic value of operations? [Hint: Use the free cash flow corporate valuation model from Chapter 8.) What is the current intrinsic value of Vandell’s stock?Hasting Corporation is interested in acquiring Vandell Corporation. Vandell has 1.5 million shares outstanding and a target capital structure consisting of 30% debt; its beta is 1.4 (given its target capital structure). Vandell has $10.19 million in debt that trades at par and pays an 8% interest rate. Vandell’s current free cash flow (FCF0) is $2 million per year and is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5% a year. Vandell pays a 25% combined federal-plus-state tax rate, the same rate paid by Hastings. The risk-free rate of interest is 5%, and the market risk premium is 6%. Hasting’s first step is to estimate the current intrinsic value of Vandell. What is Vandell’s cost of equity? What is its weighted average cost of capital? What is Vandell’s intrinsic value of operations? (Hint: Use the free cash flow corporate valuation model from Chapter 7.) Based on this analysis, what is the minimum stock price that Vandell’s shareholders should accept?CALCULATING THE WACC Here is the condensed 2019 balance sheet for Skye Computer Company (in thousands of dollars): Skyes earnings per share last year were 3.20. The common stock sells for 55.00. last years dividend (D0) was 2.10, and a flotation cost of 10% would be required to sell new common stock. Security analysts are projecting that the common dividend will grow at an annual rate of 9%. Skyes preferred stock pays a dividend of 3.30 per share, and its preferred stock sells for 30.00 per share. The firms before-lax cost of debt is 10%, and its marginal tax rate is 25%. The firms currently outstanding 10% annual coupon rate, long-term debt sells at par value. The market risk premium is 5%, the risk-free rate is 6%, and Skyes beta is 1.516. The firms total debt, which is the sum of the companys short-term debt and long-term debt, equals 1.2 million. a. Calculate the cost of each capital component, that is, the after-tax cost of debt, the cost of preferred stock, the cost of equity from retained earnings, and the cost of newly issued common stock. Use the DCF method to find the cost of common equity. b. Now calculate the cost of common equity from retained earnings, using the CAPM method. c. What is the cost of new common stock based on the CAPM? (Hint: Find the difference between r1 and rs as determined by the DCF method, and add that differential to the CAPM value for rs.) d. If Skye continues to use the same market-value capital structure, what is the firms WACC assuming that (1) it uses only retained earnings for equity and (2) if it expands so rapidly that it must issue new common stock?
- WACC Estimation On January 1, the total market value of the Tysseland Company was $60 million. During the year, the company plans to raise and invest $30 million in new projects. The firm’s present market value capital structure, shown here, is considered to be optimal. There is no short-term debt. New bonds will have an 8% coupon rate, and they will be sold at par. Common stock is currently selling at $30 a share. The stockholders’ required rate of return is estimated to be 12%, consisting of a dividend yield of 4% and an expected constant growth rate of 8%. (The next expected dividend is $1.20, so the dividend yield is $1.20/$30 = 4%.) The marginal tax rate is 40%. In order to maintain the present capital structure, how much of the new investment must be financed by common equity? Assuming there is sufficient cash flow for Tysseland to maintain its target capital structure without issuing additional shares of equity, what is its WACC? Suppose now that there is not enough internal cash flow and the firm must issue new shares of stock. Qualitatively speaking, what will happen to the WACC? No numbers are required to answer this question.Capital Structure Analysis Pettit Printing Company has a total market value of 100 million, consisting of 1 million shares selling for 50 per share and 50 million of 10% perpetual bonds now selling at par. The companys EBIT is 13.24 million, and its tax rate is 15%. Pettit can change its capital structure by either increasing its debt to 70% (based on market values) or decreasing it to 30%. If it decides to increase its use of leverage, it must call its old bonds and issue new ones with a 12% coupon. If it decides to decrease its leverage, it will call its old bonds and replace them with new 8% coupon bonds. The company will sell or repurchase stock at the new equilibrium price to complete the capital structure change. The firm pays out all earnings as dividends; hence, its stock is a zero-growth stock. Its current cost of equity, rs, is 14%. If it increases leverage, rs will be 16%. If it decreases leverage, rs will be 13%. What is the firms WACC and total corporate value under each capital structure?Suppose IWT has decided to distribute $50 million, which it presently is holding in liquid short-term investments. IWT’s value of operations is estimated to be about $1,937.5 million; it has $387.5 million in debt and zero preferred stock. As mentioned previously, IWT has 100 million shares of stock outstanding. Assume that IWT has not yet made the distribution. What is IWT’s intrinsic value of equity? What is its intrinsic stock price per share? Now suppose that IWT has just made the $50 million distribution in the form of dividends. What is IWT’s intrinsic value of equity? What is its intrinsic stock price per share? Suppose instead that IWT has just made the $50 million distribution in the form of a stock repurchase. Now what is IWT’s intrinsic value of equity? How many shares did IWT repurchase? How many shares remained outstanding after the repurchase? What is its intrinsic stock price per share after the repurchase?
