What tests should be undertaken to identify each unkown bacterium in this case study? 2. Discuss atypical results, discrepancies, or other problems that may affect the idetification 3. What is the rationale behind for the choice of tests undertaken to identify the unknown bacterium?
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1. What tests should be undertaken to identify each unkown bacterium in this case study?
2. Discuss atypical results, discrepancies, or other problems that may affect the idetification
3. What is the rationale behind for the choice of tests undertaken to identify the unknown bacterium?
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- 55) A 48 year old man who emigrated from India comes to the physician because of a 6 month history of scale, well demarcated rash on his forehaed . Physical examinationhypopigmented rash with anesthetic cewnter over the left side of the forehead. A biopsy speciment of the affected skin shows clusters of epithelialcwels and occassional ginatcells surrounded by lymphocyteswith rare acid fast bacilli. Which of the following cytokine patterns is most likely exhibited by CD 4+ T-lymphocyte clones responding to this infection A) Interleukin-1( IL-1) and Il-8 (B) IL-2 and interferon gamma (C) IL-4 and IL-10 (D) Il-5 and IL-12 (E) IL-6 and Tumor necrosis factor alphaAntibody-mediated responses are most effective against _______. a. intracellular pathogens b. extracellular pathogens c. cancerous cells d. both a and c11- A clinical study is performed of patients with pharyngeal infections. The mosttypical clinical course averages 3 days from the time of onset until the patientsees the physician. Most of these patients experience fever and chills. Onphysical examination, the most common findings include swelling, erythema, andpharyngeal purulent exudate. Examination of this fluid under the light microscopewill most likely reveal an abundance of which of the following inflammatory cells.A- B lymphocytesB- MacrophagesC- NeutrophilsD- Eosinophils
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- 4. A 30 year old man has weight loss, and intermittent low-grade fevers with night sweats for the past 3 months. Sputum smears are positive for acid-fast bacteria. An x-ray of the chest shows infiltrates in the upper lung fields and hilar adenopathy. Which of the following is most likely responsible for formation of the lesions? (A) Anaphylactic hypersensitivity (B) Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (C) Autoimmune reactivity (D) Immune complex formation (E) T-lymphocyte-mediated immunity1. Mucous membranes are barriers against colonization and growthof microorganisms. However, mucous membranes, for examplein the mouth and gut, are colonized with a variety of differentmicroorganisms, some of which are potential pathogens. Explainhow these potential pathogens are controlled under normalcircumstances. Then describe at least one set of circumstances thatmight encourage pathogenicity.High numbers of “good” bacteria are foundin the intestine and on the skin. The immune system needs to protect these areasfrom invading microbes, but cannot respond as strongly to the normal microflorawithout causing problems. What are somepossible ways that immune cells coulddistinguish “good” from “bad” bacteria?
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