When comparing genomes from 2 different organisms, "regions of synteny" refers to...• Whether the number of chromosomes is similar• blocks of sequence where the same genes are present in the same order• Alleles that are inherited together without following the Law of Independent Assortment• Segments that contain genes present in one organism but absent in the other• Regions with 100% sequence similarity

When comparing genomes from 2 different organisms, "regions of synteny" refers to...• Whether the number of chromosomes is similar• blocks of sequence where the same genes are present in the same order• Alleles that are inherited together without following the Law of Independent Assortment• Segments that contain genes present in one organism but absent in the other• Regions with 100% sequence similarity

Name: When comparing genomes from 2 different organisms, "regions of synteny
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Description: When comparing genomes from 2 different organisms, "regions of synteny" refers to...• Whether the number of chromosomes is similar• blocks of sequence where the same genes are present in the same order• Alleles that are inherited together without fol

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter19: Evolutionary Change In Populations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 19TYU

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The Human Genome Project has demonstrated that in humans of all races and nationalities approximately 99.9 percent of the sequence is the same, yet different individuals can be identified by DNA fingerprinting techniques. What is one primary variation in the human genome that can be used to distinguish different individuals? Briefly explain your answer.
For each of the following genetic topics, indicate whether it focuses on transmission genetics, molecular genetics, or population genetics. a. Analysis of pedigrees to determine the probability of someone inheriting a traitb. Study of people on a small island to determine why a genetic form of asthma is prevalent on the islandc. Effect of nonrandom mating on the distribution of genotypes among a group of animals d. Examination of the nucleotide sequences found at the ends of chromosomese. Mechanisms that ensure a high degree of accuracy in DNA replicationf. Study of how the inheritance of traits encoded by genes on sex chromosomes (sex-linked traits) differs from the inheritance of traits encoded by genes on nonsex chromosomes (autosomal traits)
1.B Which of the following processes takes place in the cytoplasm? - DNA replication - transcription -intron removal -translation -primary mRNA splicing 1.C For a DNA strand that is two nucleotides long, how many different sequences are possible? -2 -4 -8 -16 -64 1.D Which of the following is mismatched? A)physical expression of a trait - phenotype B)allele that masks the expression of an alternate allele - dominant C)identical alleles - heterozygous D)allele whose expression can be masked by an alternate allele recessive E)the specific alleles that an individual has - genotype
In addition to physical traits, gene sequences can be used when comparing related species. Instead of looking for the presence or absence of a specific gene, you would look at the percent similarity between the same gene in two or more species. Therefore, it is important to select a gene that contains a similar DNA gene sequence in each of the species being compared. Certain genes are involved in processes that are required for basic cellular function. As these processes are critical to cell function, the genes that regulate them are highly conserved, meaning that they have remained essentially unchanged over time. Glycolysis is one such process that is critical for cellular metabolism. Glycolysis involves converting glucose into pyruvate in order to generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Because glycolysis is an essential process for all species, the genes involved are therefore highly conserved. You will be looking at similarities among different taxa of the highly conserved…
Single gene Mendelian inheritance patterns: if you are told the phenotype of the parents and whether the trait is dominant or recessive etc, be able to predict the genotype of the children. If you are told the phenotype of the parent as well as the inheritance pattern, be able to predict the parent’s genotype. Be able to set up and use a Punnett square to solve problems and make predictions. Be able to explain the major steps in how information from our genes is used to make proteins. Or to show it in a labeled diagram. Be able to explain whatis transcription, translation. Where in the cell do these processes occur? In what order? What type of molecules are being made [DNA, RNA, protein]? What are their building blocks? What is a mutation? How can a mutation in DNA cause a change in a protein? (use the following terms to answer: codon, transcription, translation, mRNA). What is gene expression? Why is regulation of gene expression important for normal…
Match genetic terminology with their descriptions. the total mount of DNA in a cell the genes that code for an organism's appearance/engagement the same alleles together a distinct region of DNA different alleles together an alternative form of a gene the allele that is observed when combined with a different allele the appearance/engagement of an organism the allele that is NOT observed when combined with a different allele 1. genome 2. phenotype 3. genotype 4. gene 5. allele 6. dominant 7. recessive 8. homozygous 9. heterozygous
e. Why can’t we learn everything about a single trait with a genome-wide association study?
What is a quantitative trait locus (QTL)? a. A portion of the genome that is a particular quantitative length b. A portion of the genome in which polymorphic markers correlate with a phenotype c. A region of the genome where qualitative traits associate with discrete phenotypes d. A region of the genome that does not follow Mendelian inheritance patterns
DNA profiling has been used to verify pedigrees of valuable animals such as show dogs, racing greyhounds, and thoroughbred horses. However, the technology is much harder to apply in these cases than it is in forensic applications for humans. In particular, many more DNA markers must be examined in domesticated animals to stablish the identity or close familial relationship of two DNA samples. Why would you need to look at more polymorphic loci in these animals than you would in humans?
1. Think of a trait, for example color or taste, that you would want another organism to posses such trait, how are you going to do it? 2. A genomic library was made for various ethnic groups, what do you think how can these data be of use? Cite some Studies?
Over the last several decades, the scientific community has gathered a large amount of information regarding genetics and genetic variation. What is a main source that leads to increased genetic variation? Top of Form Selective breeding Chromosomal mutations Recombination Genetic drift
Q.No.1. Can you always ascertain an organism’s genotype for a particular locus if you know its phenotype? Conversely, if you are given an organism’s genotype for a locus, can you always reliably predict its phenotype? Explain.