Which factors normally prevent breakdown of the mucosal barrier?

Q: Which type of cell in the liver is phagocytic?

A: The cell is the basic unit of all living beings. Each of the cells is independent of their…

Q: How is the volume of bile increased?

A: The bile is secreted by hepatocytes. It is modified by the cholangiocytes that line the bile ducts.…

Q: What is inflammatory bowel disease?

A: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) describes a group of disorders in which intestines become inflamed.…

Q: What are the side effects of Peristaltic waves passing over the stomach?

A: In the digestive system, the stomach is a muscular organ present on the left side of the upper…

Q: What causes  inflammatory bowel disease?

A: Inflammatory bowel disease is an inflammation of the digestive track and includes two types of IBD…

Q: How are amino acids absorbed across the apical and basal enterocyte membranes?

A: Amino acids are the monomers that join to form polypeptide chains of protein. The structure of the…

Q: Name the cell types in the gastric and pyloric glands and state what each one secretes?

A: Glands are organs inside the body that release certain chemicals essential for the body's normal…

Q: What are the two sources that the liver receives blood from and which provides the greatest supply?

A: The human body is a well built machine in which all the organs coordinate together to make it work.…

Q: What are the primary cell types of the gastric glands, and what does each type of cell produce?

A: Gastric glands are the glands that locate in different regions of the stomach. Gastric glands…

Q: What is the major arterial blood supply to the large intestine?

A: The large intestine is the terminal part of the alimentary canal, which is anatomically divided into…

Q: How is water absorbed in the small and large intestines?

A: The cells are the primary unit of life. Based on the number of cells an organism may be unicellular…

Q: What is the function of pancreatic HCO3?

A: The pancreas is a gland that is dual in function. It is exocrine as well as endocrine in function.…

Q: What is the function of muscularis mucosa?

A: the four layers of the GI tract starting from deep to superficial are as follows:  1. Serosa 2.…

Q: How does enterocolitis act on the GI mucosa to cause diarrhea?

A: yersinia enterocolitica is the bacteria which can cause diarrhea . this bacteria can cause an…

Q: What causes water to move from the blood to the lumen of the duodenum following gastric emptying?

A: Duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum are three portions into which the small intestine is divided into.…

Q: Describe the Absorbed Amino Acids?

A: Amino acids are the organic compounds that are responsible for the formation of proteins in the…

Q: What does Lactaid provide which allows this person to eat ice cream?

A: Lactaid is a enzyme supplement that helps the people who has trouble digesting the dairy products.

Q: Discuss the secretion of bile? What is its role?

A: The aqueous solution secreted by the liver is called bile. Bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol,…

Q: What is the structure separating the mucosa from the underlying mucosa?

A: The innermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract is the mucosa which consists of connective tissue…

Q: Explain how gastric secretion is regulated.

A: Large insoluble food molecules are broken down into small water-soluble food molecules during…

Q: Explain why levels of gastrin are elevated during Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A: The digestive system consists of various organs that begin from the mouth and end in the anus whose…

Q: Is the internal epithelium of the bowel the same as it was one month ago?

A: The internal epithelial layer serves for various purposes. The internal layer of epithelial gets…

Q: Explain why dental caries, constipation, and heartburn become more common as the digestive system…

A: The digestive system consists of organs of the mouth including salivary glands, teeth, and tongue,…

Q: Why is heartburn associated with gastroesophageal reflux?

A: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a digestive disorder in which the acidic content of the…

Q: how can Crohn's disease in a patient lead to a small bowel transplant?

A: Crohn's disease is one of the two Inflammtory Bowel disease which includes:- Crohn's disease and…

Q: What is esophageal atresia?

A: Esophageal atresia is a congenital birth defect of the esophagus that is swallowing tube that…

Q: How is the gastric mucosaprotected from the acid pH ofthe stomach?

A: The stomach is the site for the chemical and mechanical digestion of ingested food. It produces…

Q: Explain why fatty stools result from the absence of bile or pancreatic juice.

A: The pancreas and bile duct (biliary) systems work together to help the digestive system work…

Q: Explain Peristaltic waves passing over the stomach?

A: Alimentary canal referred to as a tubular structure begins at mouth and terminates at anus and is…

Q: How many major types of cells gastric glands have? Explain.

A: The inner membrane of the stomach contains some glands, known as gastric glands. The gastric glands…

Q: From what sources does the liver receive blood? What sources provide oxygen to the liver?

A: The liver is the largest gland of the body and it lies in the upper right side of the abdominal…

Q: The digestion of which nutrient would be affected by damage to the parotid salivary glands?

A: The breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble molecules so that can be…

Q: What are the distinctive characteristics and locations of each type of oral mucosa?

A: Oral mucosa is the mucous membrane which lines the inside of the mouth. It consists of stratified…

Q: Explain Pancreatic Enzymes?

A: Pancreatitis is the condition associated with the inflammation of the organ pancreas. The intense…

Q: How are pancreatic proteolytic enzymes activated in the small intestine?

A: The word intestine is derived from the Latin root that means "internal," and the two organs combined…

Q: Is the intestinal lining easy to regenerate or is the damage semi-permanent?

A: Animal Physiology and Human Anatomy are two important branches of science that study the form and…

Q: What type of fiber lower the transit time of food in the colon?

A: Introduction Transit time is a measure of how long the food takes to travel from the mouth through…

Q: What is the function of hepatocytes?

A: Introduction The liver is the largest gland in the body and plays various important roles in human…

Q: Which gastric cells indirectly help in erythropoiesis?

A: Stomach is a part of the alimentary canal where large amount of food under goes digestion. It…

Q: What are the major secretions of each of the following secretory cells and glands: salivary,…

A: Those chemicals that help in sharing information between cell to cell or tissue to tissue are…

Q: What is the function of Granum?

A: Plastids which consist of photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, helps in…

Q: The nasal mucosa has a rich supply of blood vessels and nerve endings. True or false?

A: The nose is the structure through which air is inhaled (taken in) and exhaled (pushed out). The…

Q: What factors are associated with cancer of the esophagus?

A: Cancer is a life-threatening disease in which cells divide abnormal and grow uncontrollably. These…