Which is a true statement Flotation cost must be considered with retained earnings Since taxes are required they are not a factor to investors The investor required rate of return is the firm's costs of capital Debt has $0 marginal cost In general the after tax cost of debt is the most expensive component in the cost of capital

Which is a true statement Flotation cost must be considered with retained earnings Since taxes are required they are not a factor to investors The investor required rate of return is the firm's costs of capital Debt has $0 marginal cost In general the after tax cost of debt is the most expensive component in the cost of capital

Principles of Accounting Volume 2

19th Edition

ISBN:9781947172609

Author:OpenStax

Publisher:OpenStax

Chapter12: Balanced Scorecard And Other Performance Measures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12MC: The cost of equity is _______. A. the interest associated with debt B. the rate of return required...

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One position expressed in the financial literature is that firms set their dividends as a residual after using income to support new investments. Explain what a residual policy implies (assuming that all distributions are in the form of dividends), illustrating your answer with a table showing how different investment opportunities could lead to different dividend payout ratios.
What happens to ROE for Firm U and Firm L if EBIT falls to $1,600? What happens if EBIT falls to $1,200? What is the after-tax cost of debt? What does this imply about the impact of leverage on risk and return?
For a typical firm, assumes that all rates are after taxes and that the firm operates at its target capital structure. So cost of equity > after tax cost of debt > WACC. True False
Which of the following statements is CORRECT? a. WACC calculations should be based on the before-tax costs of all the individual capital components. b. Flotation costs associated with issuing new common stock normally reduce the WACC. c. An increase in the risk-free rate will normally lower the marginal costs of both debt and equity financing. d. A change in a company's target capital structure cannot affect its WACC. e. If a company's tax rate increases, then, all else equal, its weighted average cost of capital will decline.
Which of the following is most correct about the cost of capital? The cost of debt reflects the interest rates on debt capital before taking into account the tax effects. Cost of capital is affected by the required rates of return of each of the source of capital, regardless of the capital structure. The capital asset pricing model is the most widely used model to estimate the cost of common equity. To minimize the cost of capital, firms should borrow more than their capacity because increasing the lower cost of debt yields the lowest cost of capital, thus, enhances shareholder value.
For each statement indicate whether it is true or false and briefly explain why. a) In a perfect capital market with no corporate taxes, as a firm takes on more and more debt its weighted average cost of capital remains unchanged while its required return on equity rises. b) If a firm issues riskfree debt the risk of the firm’s equity will not change. So, riskfree debt allows the firm to get the benefit of a low cost of debt without raising its cost of equity. c) In the context of firms’ capital structure decisions, the theory predicts that the value of a firm’s equity will rise in direct proportion to the level of debt in its capital structure.
When one uses the after-tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC) to value a levered firm, the interest tax shield is: Multiple Choice A) capitalized by the levered cost of equity. B) not accounted for by the use of the WACC. C) automatically considered because the after-tax cost of debt is included within the WACC formula. D) considered by deducting the interest payment from the cash flows.
Which of the following statements is most accurate? A. Financial leverage is directly related to operating leverage. B. Increasing the corporate tax rate will not affect capital structure decisions. C. A firm with low operating leverage has a small proportion of its total costs in fixed costs. D. Total costs can be calculated as net income minus total revenue.
1. Which of the following is not a component used in calculating the cost of capital? A. The cost of short-term debt. B. The cost of common stock. C. The cost of long-term debt. D. The cost of retained earnings. 2. Which of the following statements about cost of capital is false? A. The overall cost of capital is the minimum rate a firm must earn on all investments to cover capital costs. B. The overall cost of capital is the cost of the firm's equity capital at which the market value of the firm will remain unchanged. C. Cost of capital is based on what the company pays for its capital, not the return earned on the capital employed. D. The overall cost of capital is the weighted average cost of the various debt and equity components in a firm's capital structure.
Why is it important to include the tax effect into cost of capital computations for firms with debt financing? Multiple Choice taxable income is reduced by the amount of the interest expense. taxes are paid on interest but not on dividends. firms pay taxes on the outstanding principal amount of the debt. comparisons with equity financing would otherwise not be possible.
How would each of the following scenarios affect a firm's cost of debt, r d (l - t), t=tax rate; its cost of equity, rs; and its WACC? Indicate with an increase (I), a decreease (D), or no change (N) whether the factor would raise, lower, or have an indeterminate effect on the item in question. Assume for each answer that other things are held constant, even though in some instances this would probably not be true. 1) The corporate tax rate is lowered. 2) The Federal Reserve tightens credit. 3) The firm uses more debt; that is, it increases its debt ratio
Which of the following steps is not required when estimating a firm’s weighted average cost of capital?a. Evaluate the firm’s capital structure and determine the relative weight of each component in the mix.b. Estimate the opportunity cost of each of the sources of financing and adjust it for the effects of taxes where appropriate.c. Subtract the weighting of preferred stock and reallocate the weighting to equity and debt.d. Calculate the weighted average cost of capital by computing a weighted average of the estimated after-tax costs of the various capital sources used by the firm.e. These are all steps taken to calculate the weighted average cost of capital.