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- Which of the following statements is correct? Credit spreads decrease with volatility Credit spreads increase with volatility Credit spreads do not depend on volatility The relation between credit spreads and volatility is nonlinear Which of the followings is not an important determinant of bond credit ratings? corporate governance risk business risk interest rate risk financial riskMarket prices and credit spreads change much faster than credit ratings. Select one: True FalseWhat are the TRIN Statistics and Cofidence Index and what do their values describe about the bullish and bearish direction of the market?
- Which one of the following is the hypothesis that securities markets are efficient? Multiple Choice A Geometric market hypothesis B Standard deviation hypothesis C Efficient markets hypothesis D Capital market hypothesis E Financial markets hypothesisWhich of the following is correct with regards to Theories of Term Structure? When the shape of the yield curve depends on investors’ expectations about prospective prevailing interest rates, the Pure Exception Theory is being applied. When the economic outlook is improving, the yield curve inverts as it reflects no changes in inflation premium. The liquidity preference theory suggests that long-term rates are generally higher than short-term rates since investors perceive more liquidity in long-term investments. Under the Market segmentation theory, there is an apparent relationship between the yield curve and the prevailing rate of returns in each market segment.1. Credit spreads least likely depend on which of the following: A. Market supply B. Market demand C. Financial markets D. Inflation
- Which of the following statements is true? A. The percentage decrease in value when the yield-to-maturity (YTM) increases by a given amount is smaller than the increase in value when the yield-to-maturity (YTM) decreases by the same amount. B. Ratio analysis expands GAP analysis to focus on the sensitivity of bank profits across different interest rate environments. C. The repurchase price is smaller than the selling price and accounts for the interest charged by the buyer, who is lending funds to the seller with the security as collateral. D. The issuers or the firms issuing the bonds are rated on their junior unsecured debt.Which of the following is true of risk-return trade off? A) Risk can be measured on the basis of variability of return. B) Risk and return are inversely proportional to each other. C) T-bills are more riskier than equity due to imbalances in government policies. D) Riskier investments tend to have lower returns.Explain the reasons why do investors prefer high or low pay out ratio?
- Both EV-to-EBITDA and PE multiples can be linked to interest rates through the discount rate used in discounted cash flow valuation. Holding all else equal, when discount rates are higher, valuation ratios are lower. Perhaps because of this, we tend to see stock prices as well as, the value of private business transactions decline when interest rates increase. Macroeconomists like to describe interest rates as consisting of two components: the real interest rate component and an expected inflation component. In some situations, increases in interest rates are the result of an increasing real interest rate; in other situations, the cause of an interest rate increase is an increase in expected inflation. How might valuation ratios be expected to respond to an interest rate increase generated by an increase in expected inflation versus an interest rate increase that represents an increase in real interest rates?Which one of the following statements about the term structure of interest rates is true?a. The expectations hypothesis indicates a flat yield curve if anticipated future short-term rates exceed current short-term rates.b. The expectations hypothesis contends that the long-term rate is equal to the anticipated short-term rate.c. The liquidity premium theory indicates that, all else being equal, longer maturities will have lower yields.d. The liquidity preference theory contends that lenders prefer to buy securities at the short end of the yield curve.Discuss the importance of market efficiency, and explain why some markets are more efficient than others. Develop a simple understanding of behavioral finance.