Which of the following are false? I) Managers are reluctant to make dividend changes that might have to be reversed. II) Shifts in long-term sustainable earnings are followed by dividend changes. III) Firms have long-term target dividend payout ratios.
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- One position expressed in the financial literature is that firms set their dividends as a residual after using income to support new investments. Explain what a residual policy implies (assuming that all distributions are in the form of dividends), illustrating your answer with a table showing how different investment opportunities could lead to different dividend payout ratios.Which one of the followings is incorrect regarding to cost of equity: On average, it is higher than cost of debt. It moves in the same direction with tax rates. It is affected by return on market portfolio. For a dividend paying company, it is sensitive to growth expectations for future dividends. It is highly dependent on risk level of the firm and growth rate. For calculating cost of equity, we can rely on dividend growth model or SML approach. Both models might suffer from the assumption that past is a good predictor of future. True False Percy's Wholesale Supply has earnings before interest and taxes of €106,000. Both the book and the market value of debt is €170,000. The unlevered cost of equity is 15.5 per cent while the pre-tax cost of debt is 8.6 per cent. The tax rate is 28 per cent. What is the firm's weighted average cost of capital? Show your steps.For each of the companies described here, would you expect it to have a low, medium, or high dividend-payout ratio? Explain why. d. A dividend-paying company that experiences an unexpected drop in earnings from an upward-sloping trend line e. A company with volatile earnings and high business risk
- If the Modigliani and Miller hypothesis about dividends is correct, and if one found a group of companies which differed only with respect to dividend policy, which of the following statements would be most correct? Group of answer choices None of these statements is true. All of these statements are true. The total expected return, which in equilibrium is also equal to the required return, would be higher for those companies with lower payout ratios because of the greater risk associated with capital gains versus dividends. If the expected total return of each of the sample companies were divided into a dividend yield and a growth rate, and then a scatter diagram (or regression) analysis were undertaken, then the slope of the regression line (or b in the equation D1/P0 = a + b(g)) would be equal to +1.0. The residual dividend model should not be used, because it is inconsistent with the MM dividend hypothesis.Which of the following situation in which the quality of the company’s pay-out to shareholders may decline a. Decrease in cash position b. Increase in positive NPV investment opportunities c. Increase in capital gains tax d. Decrease in marginal tax rate on dividends Which of the following concepts tells us that dividends are to be paid only when the capital budget has been already supplied? a. Gordon Growth model b. Dividend irrelevance theory c. Retain Earnings break-point principle d. Residual Dividend ModelWhich of the following typically is true for profitability ratios? a. Growth stocks have lower price to earnings ratios.b. Companies in more competitive industries have higher profit margins.c. The gross profit ratio declines as competition increases.d. When a company has debt, its return on equity will be lower than its return on assets.
- Which of the following statements is correct? A. The optimal dividend policy is the one that satisfies management, not shareholders. B. The use of debt financing has no effect on earnings per share (EPS) or stock price. C. Stock price is dependent on the projected EPS and the use of debt, but not on the timing of the earnings stream. D. The riskiness of projected EPS can impact the firm's value. E. Dlvidend policy is one aspect of the firm's financial policy that is determined solely by the shareholders. Reset SelectionWhich of the following events would cause a company's cost of retained earnings to increase? Group of answer choices the company's stock price falls the company's forecasted growth in profits and dividends is reduced the company diversifies into a safer industry the overall beta for a company fallsCompanies often are under pressure to meet or beat Wall Street earnings projections in order to increase stock prices and also to increase the value of stock options. Some resort to earnings management practices to artificially create desired results. Required: Is earnings management always intended to produce higher income? Explain.
- Which of the following would be a viable way to earn abnormally high trading profits if markets are semistrong-form efficient?a. Buy shares in companies with low P/E ratios.b. Buy shares in companies with recent above-average price changes.c. Buy shares in companies with recent below-average price changes.d. Buy shares in companies for which you have advance knowledge of an improvement in the management team.Does decreasing net margin percentages and slightly increasing financial leverage have an effect on Return on Equity (ROE)?. If Yes, What should a company do to solve such problem.Which of the following statements is correct? A. If a firm’s assets are growing at a positive rate, but its retained earnings are not increasing, then it would be impossible for the firm’s AFN to be negative. B. AFN is not always positive. C. If a firm increases its dividend payout ratio in anticipation of higher earnings, but sales and earnings actually decrease, then the firm’s actual AFN must, mathematically, exceed the previously calculated AFN. D. Higher sales usually require higher asset levels, and this leads to what we call AFN. However, the AFN will be zero if the firm chooses to retain all of its profits, i.e., to have a zero dividend payout ratio. E. Dividend policy does not affect the requirement for external funds based on the AFN equation.