Which of the following best describes the outcome of nitroglycerin use when considering it’s mechanism? Increased calcium levels within the myocardium Increased activity of myosin light chain kinase Increased activity of myosin light chain phosphatase Increased calmodulin activity
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: Which of the following best describes the outcome of nitroglycerin use when considering it’s mechanism?
- Increased calcium levels within the myocardium
- Increased activity of myosin light chain kinase
- Increased activity of myosin light chain phosphatase
- Increased calmodulin activity
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- Discuss the similarities and differences by which Ca2+ activity is involved in initiating muscle contraction in skeletal versus smooth muscle fibers (hint: include Ca2+ sources, proteins it binds to, and signaling cascade it activates leading to contraction). (max 12 sentences)Most immediate physiological adjustments to exercise occur prior to any change in tissue metabolic demand for oxygen or nutrients. This occurs because exercise increases sympathetic nervous system activity. With your knowledge of exercise and the control of alpha motor neurons by the primary motor cortex of the brain, how does increased exercise influence the sympathetic nervous system?Which of the following choices best summarizes excitation-contraction coupling? A series of events in which an action potential triggers the release of chemical messengers A series of events in which actin binds myosin to enact contraction A series of events in which an electrical stimulus is conveyed to a muscle fiber to enact contraction A series of events in which calcium gradients are used to convey a signal to the muscle fiber to enact contraction
- The motor unit firing patterns are measured in a human hand muscle using an electromyography (EMG) recording. Which one of the following statements is the best description of the EMG pattern observed as the individual voluntarily attempts to make a low-level force of contraction in the muscle and steadily increases the force of contraction? Low amplitude spikes visible on the EMG trace at low force. Larger amplitude spikes become visible with increasing force of contraction. Low frequency of small amplitude spikes on the EMG trace at low force. Spike frequency and amplitude increase with increasing force. A large single deflection in the trace as the individual contracts the muscle. The deflection gets larger with increasing force. Low frequency of spikes on the EMG trace at low force. The frequency of spikes becomes more frequent with increasing force.Define hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. Explain skeletal muscle adaptations to strength training (over time, not acute). What are the mechanisms of action? What hormones are involved? What cell signaling occurs to produce hypertrophy? Identify two principles of resistance training and explain how they contribute to skeletal muscle adaptation. Provide at minimum, two reputable resources to back up your claims.After nervous stimulation stops, what prevents acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction?" calcium ions returning to the terminal cisternae the tropomyosin blocking the myosin once full contraction is achieved acetylcholinesterase destroying the acetylcholine During the repolarization phase of an action potential a small region of the inner surface of a muscle cell's membrane becomes more _________. negative as potassium diffuses into the cell positive as potassium diffuses into the cell negative a potassium diffuses out of the cell positive as sodium diffuses out of the cell A electrical impulse travels deep into the muscle fiber along the sarcolemma T-tubule membranes the endomysium myofibrils When stimulated by a muscle impulse, what do the terminal cisternae release into the sarcoplasm?" "sodium ions, Na+" "calcium ions, Ca2+" "adenosine triphosphate, ATP" "acetylcholine, ACh" Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for…
- Identify the ways that increased IP3 can cause contraction. Identify the ways that increased cAMP production can cause relaxation.Of the following, which is an attempt to decrease tardive dyskinesia?A. Increased consumption of omega-3 fatty acidsB. Exposure to bright lights in the morningC. Alternating between Thorazine and HaldolD. Use of second-generation antipsychotic drugsFrom the following choices, choose the THREE, that would result in prevention of muscle contraction (in other words, which three descriptive changes below would result in flaccid paralysis of a muscle). exocytosis of acetylcholine is constant, even without action potential injection of botulinum toxin calcium cannot be pumped back into the terminal cisternae acetylcholine receptor remains open to sodium active sites on actin a permanently exposed dramatically increase the activity of acetylcholinesterase calcium cannot bind troponin
- During resistance exercise, three factors support muscle hypertrophy they include the following with the EXCEPTION of: muscle contraction hormonal modifications vascular adaptions immunological actionsGiven these events:(1) Acetylcholine is broken down into acetic acid and choline.(2) Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft.(3) An action potential reaches the terminal branch of the motor neuron.(4) Acetylcholine combines with a ligand-gated ion channel.(5) An action potential is produced on the muscle fiber’s plasma membrane.Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur ata neuromuscular junction.a. 2,3,4,1,5 c. 3,4,2,1,5 e. 5,1,2,4,3b. 3,2,4,5,1 d. 4,5,2,1,3Muscle hypertrophy training is catalyzed by which of the following? Mechanical tension, high reps, great pump Heavy weight, muscle damage, resistance bands Heavy weight, metabolic stress, post-workout carbs Mechanical tension, muscle damage, metabolic stress