Which of the following binary operations are associative?a. subtraction of integersb. division of nonzero rationalsc. function composition of polynomials with real coefficientsd. multiplication of 2 x 2 matrices with integer entriese. exponentiation of integers

Elementary Linear Algebra (MindTap Course List)
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Chapter4: Vector Spaces
Section4.2: Vector Spaces
Problem 41E: Rather than use the standard definitions of addition and scalar multiplication in R2, let these two...
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Which of the following binary operations are associative?
a. subtraction of integers
b. division of nonzero rationals
c. function composition of polynomials with real coefficients
d. multiplication of 2 x 2 matrices with integer entries
e. exponentiation of integers

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