Which of the following conditions were kept the same between the control group and the experimental group? Select all that apply.Incubation timeTemperatureSeed spacingLight availabilityWater availability Learn It: Describe the steps of thescientific method.When an experiment is conducted to test a hypothesis and data areobtained, a conclusion can be made. The ability to make a validconclusion depends, in part, however, on how well an experiment isdesigned. When testing the effects that a particular variable has onthe subjects of an experiment, other variables must be controlled.Experiments typically manipulate only one variable the independentvariable to determine if that specific manipulation has an effect onthe system being observed. The subjects receiving the manipulatedvariable or treatment is called the experimental group. The othersubjects being tested-the control group-differ from theexperimental group by only that one independent variable.As you may recall, scientific inquiry or the scientific method beginswith observations. Let's consider an example. A researcher wasgrowing pea plants to use for a future study on photosynthesis. Togerminate (begin to grow) the seeds, the researchers wrapped theseeds in moistened paper towels, covered them with aluminum foil,and placed them on a countertop at room temperature (23 °C). AfterLearn It: Describe the steps of thescientific method.five days, they came back to collect the sprouted seeds. They noticedthat some of the seeds on the countertop were in direct sunlightcoming in from a nearby window; this was unintended, but animportant observation. The researchers also observed that thegermination rate was higher in the seeds exposed to the sunlightcoming through the window. Have you ever noticed that when youare sitting in direct sunlight, you feel warmer? Although, the seedswere wrapped in aluminum foil and shaded from direct sunlight, theresearchers wondered if the germination rate was affected bysunlight heating the aluminum foil. Following their observations, theydesigned an experiment to test the following hypothesis:If increased temperature stimulates seed germination, then seedsincubated at higher temperatures will have a higher germination ratethan seeds incubated at lower temperatures.Experiment:Three paper towels, each with six evenly spaced seeds, weremoistened with 1 ml of water and folded over the seeds. Each of the Learn It: Describe the steps of thescientific method.paper towels was then wrapped in aluminum foil, placed in a darkroom, and incubated for five days at either 23 °C, 26 °C, or 29 °C.After five days, all seeds were removed, and seed germination wasdetermined. The results are shown in the following table:Incubation temperature (°C) Number of seeds germinated/623262932956In this example, the researchers observed a higher germination rateamong seeds warmed by sunlight. They predicted or hypothesizedthat the intemperathe higher gormination ratoLearn It: Describe the steps of thescientific method.In this example, the researchers observed a higher germination rateamong seeds warmed by sunlight. They predicted or hypothesizedthat the increased temperature caused the higher germination rate.To test their hypothesis, they incubated some seeds at roomtemperature, or 23°C (the control group), and incubated other seedsat higher temperatures (the experimental group). Additionally, theycontrolled for other variables such as light availability, seed count,seed spacing, amount of water, and incubation time. By designing anexperiment that controlled these other variables, the researcherswere able to conclude that the difference in germination ratebetween the control group and the experimental group was mostlikely due to the independent variable.

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In scientific experiments, it’s pivotal to control for variables to guarantee that any observed…

Which of the following conditions were kept the same between the control group and the experimental group? Select all that apply. Incubation time Temperature Seed spacing Light availability Water availability