Which of the following proteins can be used in optogenetic system? O A. OptoXR, an engineered rhodopsin-G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). O B. ChR, channelrhodopsin initially identified from algae. OC. GCAMP, a fluorescent calcium sensor. OD. All of the three answers.
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- In describing a positive feedback loop, which of the following would be true? a) the sensor and control center are always the same b) the effector signals the control center to shut off the initial stimulus c) the effect shuts off the initial stimulus d) the effect amplifies the initial stimuDraw a diagram that shows how the parts of a positivefeedback loop interact. Include set-point, stimulus, sensor, control center, effector, and response in your drawing.In a study published in Science, Premack and Woodruff asked: "To what extent does the chimpanzee comprehend the elements of a problem situation and potential solutions?" An adult chimpanzee (Sarah) was shown 30-second videotapes of a human actor struggling with one of several problems (for example, not able to reach bananas hanging from the ceiling, a record player not playing). Then Sarah was shown two photographs, one that depicted a solution to the problem (like stepping onto a box, plugging in the record player) and one that did not. She was then instructed to pick one of the photos and place it under the television monitor. (Sarah had been raised in captivity since age one and had extensive prior exposure to photographs and television.) The order in which the scenes were presented to Sarah was randomized, as was the left/right position of the photos presented to her. Sarah was shown eight different scenarios. For each scenario, researchers recorded whether Sarah selected the…
- What did Galvani's first round of frog experiments demonstrate? A. Nervous tissue is reactive in the presence of no metal B. Natural electrical properties existed within the nerve that allow for muscle contraction C. Muscle contraction is dependent on the distance between the nerve and 2 metals D. Only man-made elecricity could activate a nerveHow would you test the neurotrophic theory, knowing that the most potent neurotrophic factor is NGF? Propose and describe an experimental design. The strategy should include treatments and controls, it should indicate what outcomes you would look for, and what they mean.Which of the following can serve as an "effector" in physiological feedback loops in animals? Group of answer choices a gland brain spinal cord olfactory receptor (smell receptor)
- Refer to the figure shown here. Which of the following would have been a selective agent or pressure that could lead to the reduction in hindlimbs through time? A) The animal's body size was too heavy to support the weight on land and hindlimbs were no longer useful. B) More emphasis was placed on flexing the backbone than on paddling with hindlimbs for swimming. C)Appendages cause resistance, or drag, when moving through water. D)With the increased size of the tail and its use in swimming, the hindlimbs were not as necessary. E)All of the above answers describe selective agents or pressures that could have led to the reduction in hind limbs over time.Evidence that rats can imagine the future came from recordings from what type of cell? A. Glia cells B. Place cells C. Face-recognition cells D. Visual cortex cellsWhich of these is the first step in using the optogenetic technique? a. Inject a radioactive chemical into the blood. b. Insert an electrode into the brain. c. Subject the brain to a strong magnetic field. d. Attach light-sensitive proteins to a virus.
- The Amoeba cell exhibits specialized abilities that enable it to react to a stimulus by producing a response or a behavior. It can do this because it has adapted properties exhibited by simpler more primitive cells. These cellular properties include a) Separation of the fluid environments inside and outside the cell. b) Active transport of Na+ out of and K+ into the cell, c) diffusion of Na+ in to and K+ out of a cell in reaction to a stimulus, d) the stimulus interacting with a receptor site in a membrane embedded protein, e) All of these are true.Why Researchers choose to use animal models in pharmaceutical research? Explain. Please explain at your own easy words.A transducer is used to 1. Change the stimulus 2. Stimulate the frog muscle 3. Measure the force generated by muscle