Why does morphine show less analgesic activity after oral administration?

Q: Compared to most drugs, nicotine isunusual, because at low doses it is mainlya stimulant but at high…

A: Nicotine is the drug that is primarily inhaled through the smoke tobacco cigarettes. It is produced…

Q: Illustrate and explain the mechanism of analgesic action of morphine and also prove that morphine is…

A: Introduction Morphine, an opioid agonist, shows a pharmacological action as an analgesic by acting…

Q: Explain the mechanism of action of one drug that affects the mesolimbic system (other than cocaine)…

A: Drug is substance which effects the physiological system and causes changes in the body based on the…

Q: Before LTP: In the normal state, what is the effect of glutamate at the AMPA receptors? At the NMDA…

A: The LTP is long-term potentiation and LTD is long-term depression. It can be elicited by activation…

Q: Briefly illustrated the mechanism of analgesic action of morphine? explain at your own words

A: Morphine is an opiate pain reliever extracted exclusively from the poppy plant called Papaver…

Q: Carbamazepine decrease intensity of warfarin, why?

A: Carbamazepine is a medication used to prevent and control seizures. The other name of this…

Q: What effect does alcohol have on the transmission of electrical impulses?

A: A nerve impulse is an electrical signal that travels along an axon. An electrical difference exists…

Q: Draw the mechanism of analgesic action of morphine?

A: Analgesics are the class of drugs that exhibit their pharmacological effect by relieving pain…

Q: Morphine is an analgesic; what does that mean? Why is its use in hospitals limited?

A: A disease is a state of unhealthiness of the physical body, mind and social interaction. A disease…

Q: Why can cocaine addiction not be treated with a drug that blocks the cocaine receptor?

A: Cocaine is a drug that is made up of coca leaves. It stimulates the central nervous system i.e…

Q: Draw the opioid analgesic structure of morphine, oxycodone and codeine.

A: Alkaloids are basic phytochemicals with one or more nitrogen atoms and are normally of heterocyclic…

Q: Compare and contrast the effects and uses of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. In what ways are they…

A: Benzodiazepines are tranquillizers that bind to particular GABA receptor subunits and make…

Q: Which of the chemical messengers in the nervous system acts as a neuromodulator and has effects…

A: The nerves have an important function to transmit information from the brain to the rest of the…

Q: Give 2 examples of drugs which target neurotransmitter release or reuptake.(expect from cocaine and…

A: These are chemical messengers that transmit signal from a neuron,  muscle cell or gland cell.

Q: Catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine among having many physiological effects like…

A: Dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are molecules called catecholamines. They are…

Q: How you can prove that morphine is an agonist? explain at your own words

A: Morphine is used as analgesic to control pain. It is used to manage severe pain like pain due to…

Q: Caffeine's effects are attributable to its ability to stimulate CNS adenosine receptors

A: Caffeine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and reaches the bloodstream after consumption.…

Q: A patient takes a stimulant that produces euphoria, as well as an increase in heart rate and blood…

A: Introduction Stimulants are known for enhancing CNS and PNS activity, despite their abuse. These…

Q: How do epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla differ from epinephrine and…

A: Epinephrine and non-epinephrine are hormones released by the adrenal medulla. Adrenal glands are…

Q: What cell receptor does adrenaline reach

A: Adrenaline or epinephrine is a hormone released by the medulla of the adrenal glands. It is released…

Q: Mrs. Kuchinski, a patient with cancer, has been on high doses of extended-release oxycodone, a…

A: Opioid analgesics are the group of analgesic which are used in the high level pain management in…

Q: List the two substances in the body which naturally stimulate opioid receptors.

A: the human body have receptors called opioid receptors . these are g protein coupled receptors that…

Q: Can benzodiazepines or barbiturates alone cause an inhibitory effect on neurons? Why?

A: Inferable from the low restorative file of barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs) got mainstream in…

Q: Write down the mode of action of Rosuvastatin and fenofibrates? Explain at your own words

A: The substances that can make changes in mood, behaviour and physical condition is known as drugs.…

Q: Describe the difference between drugs that are agonists and those that are antagonists.

A: A drug is any chemical substance that is used in treatment, diagnosis, prevention or cure of any…

Q: What is the use of methimazole?

A: Introduction: When the thyroid gland generates too much of the hormone thyroxine, the individual is…

Q: Draw the structure of morphine and Identify the important function groups which modification can…

A: The pain-relieving properties of morphine and analogues are well established. It belongs to the…

Q: How can you tell if glutamate is an excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A: Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that are used to send signals to the other cells .…

Q: Why can the nicotine patch and nicotine gum be bought in a pharmacy "over the counter" but in…

A: Methadone belongs to the opioid class of drugs. It is used in pain management. It affects the…

Q: Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) should not be used to prolong the duration of local anesthetics…

A: Norepinephrine: It is also known as nor-adrenalin , is a emergency hormone secreted by the anterior…

Q: Discuss how benzodiazepines affect the balance between the excitation and inhibition in the brain,…

A: benzodiazepines mostly work by slowing down the activity of brain and it gives calming sensation to…

Q: How do glucagon and epinephrine differ in chemical stricture?

A: Hormones are the body's chemical messenger that functions to transport signals from one part of the…

Q: What are the physical consequences of thiamine deficiency in chronic alcohol use

A: Chronic alcoholism causes severe deficiency of nutrition and many health disorders. Alcohol…

Q: Overdose of paracetamol causes liver damage, How? what is the mechanism behind this? Explain at your…

A: Paracetamol, also known by the name acetaminophen belong to a group of medicines known as…

Q: Predict the effect of an overdose of insulin on brain function in a normal person.

A: Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets, it is considered to be…

Q: Why do we have brain receptors that respond to morphine and other opium derivatives from plants?

A: Opiods are depressant drugs which act on the nervous system of the body. They include Morphine,…

Q: Why does morphimne show less analgesic activity after oral administration?Explain at your own words

A: Medications used to relieve pain are called analgesics. They are divided into two types opioids and…

Q: explain how the pathway in the brain plays a crucial role to the formation of psychoactive substance…

A: A psychotropic drug is a chemical substance which changes the nervous system function and also…

Q: Curare poisoning paralyzes its victims by blocking ACh receptors involved in muscle movements.…

A: Curare is a term for various alkaloid arrow poisons extracted from plants. It is used as a…

Q: Why is salbutamol better than isoproterenol in asthma management in terms of agonistic effect?

A: Asthma:  Asthma is a chronic lung disease that affects both children and adults. Due to inflammation…

Q: Is a drug with high affinity and low efficacy an agonist or an antagonist?

A: A drug is a pharmacological substance administered into living organisms to produce certain…

Q: Which of the following statements best describes glucagon? (A) It acts as an anabolic hormone. (B)…

A: Hormones are the chemical molecules which acts as a chemical messenger for different body tissues…

Q: For what purpose Amphetamines is first produced ?

A: Amphetamines were first synthesized unintentionally by Lazar Edeleanue, a Romanian chemist in 1887…

Q: After the neuron has gone through LTP, what is now the effect of glutamate at the AMPA receptors? At…

A: Neurons are the basic structural and functional units of the central nervous system. It plays a…

Q: What accounts for increased cravings during cocaine abstinence?A. Increased activity of certain…

A: Cocaine with the chemical formula of C17H21NO4 is a tropane alkaloid and performs as a…

Substance Abuse

Substance abuse refers to the use of illegal drugs in excessive quantities, as well as the misuse of legal substances such as prescription or over-the-counter pharmaceuticals or alcohol for purposes other than those intended. Drug addiction, also known as substance use disorder, is a disease that affects the brain and behavior of a person. It leads to a failure to control the use of any drug or prescription, legal or illegal.