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Why should we expect to find N. fosteri fossils all over the world, given that it first evolved in Pangaea?
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- Although reconstructing the history of life in this manner may seem almost impossible, phylogenetic research has been extraordinarily successful. How has this difficult task been accomplished?What do Homo Sapiens fossils reveal abou modern hummans' origins?Aside from skeletal structural similarities, what other commonalities among organisms might be considered homologous?
- What assumption is made during the relative dating of fossils?The Cambrian explosion is a conundrum: how can the long prior history of the phyla, revealed by molecular divergence, be reconciled with their absence, and then sudden appearance, in the fossil record?Imagine that you have the DNA sequences fromthe intron of a gene in three species called A, B,and C. Species A and B are most closely related,while C is more distantly related. The sequencesof A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differby 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 basepairs. Fossils show that species A and B divergedabout 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence asto when the most recent common ancestor ofall three species lived. Use the genetic data toestimate that date. What assumptions are youmaking to get this estimate?
- Why was boiling in concentrated acid a reasonable way to inferthe presence of biological materials that may resist decay longenough to form fossils?how do fossils form in different locations on earth?What are the challenges of estimating the ages of old fossils?Explain how these challenges may be overcome in somecircumstances.
- How do we know the age of a fossil?What is the difference between primitive and advanced species and why is it now considered wrong to call a species primitive?Do all the phylogenetictrees below represent thesame relationships (sametopology)? If not, circle thetree(s) that is/are differentand explain why in the spaceto the left.