Write a program in JAVA Programming langaugue. Given an array of integers, in which each elements repeats twice except one. Your task is to find that element in O(n) Time complexity and O(1) Space Complexity.
Write a program in JAVA Programming langaugue. Given an array of integers, in which each elements repeats twice except one. Your task is to find that element in O(n) Time complexity and O(1) Space Complexity.
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1PE
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Transcribed Image Text:Write a program in JAVA Programming langaugue.
Given an array of integers, in which each elements repeats twice except one.
Your task is to find that element in O(n) Time complexity and O(1) Space Complexity.
Expert Solution
Step 1
Required :
Java program that finds in an array, the only number which doesn't repeats itself.
Constraints : Time complexity : O(n), Space Complexity : O(1)
The idea is to use XOR operator. It has the following properties :
XOR of a number with itself is 0
XOR of a number with 0 is the number itself.
For example,
5 ^ 5 = 0
5 ^ 0 = 5
Where ^ is the XOR operator.
So consider the following array is given :
{4, 8, 3, 6, 3, 8, 9, 6, 4}
Here, 9 is the only non repeating element.
So we do XOR for all the elements :
4 ^ 8 ^ 3 ^ 6 ^ 3 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 6 ^ 4
Rearranging, we get :
4 ^ 4 ^ 8 ^ 8 ^ 3 ^ 3 ^ 6 ^ 6 ^ 9
Using above properties, we have
0 ^ 0 ^ 0 ^ 0 ^ 9
= 9
This the required element.
Below is the Java program as required.
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