You are given a sequence of 16N positive integers a1, a2, . . . , a16N · You may shuffle this sequence in any way you choose, i.e. change it to any one of its permutations. Then, let x = (a1 a2) ® (az O a4) ® . ..® (a8N–1 € a8n), y = (a8N+1 Ð a8N+2) ® (a8N+3 Ð a8N+4) ® . ...® (@16N–1 O a16N),
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C++ only
Example Input
1
1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2
Example Output
3
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- If the first number in a sequence is a positive integer, x Let ao= x, an is defined as follows if an is even, then an+1 = an/2 if an is odd, then an+1 =3 *an+ 1 Then there exists an integer k, such that ak =1 For example, if: 75, then k = 14 and the numbers in the sequence are: 75, 226, 113, 340, 170, 85, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1. The largest number in the sequence is 340 and it is a position 4 in the sequence (assuming 75 is at position 1) Design and implement a complete C++ program that will • read a series of integers (greater than 0) from a file and for each integer display (to the screen) − the integer − the number of steps it takes to reach 1 − the largest value in the sequence and its positionGiven a positive integer, N, the ’3N+1’ sequence starting from N is defined as follows:If N is an even number, then divide N by two to get a new value for NIf N is an odd number, then multiply N by 3 and add 1 to get a new value for N.Continue to generate numbers in this way until N becomes equal to 1For example, starting from N = 3 the complete ’3N+1’ sequence would be:3, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1Write code to ask the user to enter a positive integer (N) in the main() function. Write a function sequence()that receives the integer value N and display the ‘3N+1’ sequence starting from the integer value that wasreceived (entered by the user). The function must also count and return the numbers that the sequenceconsists of. The returned value must be displayed from the main() function.Imagine you have 331 sheep, and you are going to use primitive counting to write a tally stick for the King. Suppose you carry out the procedure as usual, filling the pens with sheep, and liberating the sheep from pen 2 (and any extra sheep); then doing it again, doing it again, etc., until you get down to one sheep.How many sheep will you have in the first pen After one round? After two rounds? After three rounds?
- Modulo arithmeticFor two integers ‘a’ and ‘b’ and a positive integer ‘n’, let + represent the operation a + b = (a+b)mod(n), that is, the result of a + b is the remainder of the usual sum a + b after dividing by n (using a natural representation). Similarly, let * represent the operation a * b = (a*b)mod(n), that is, the result of a * b is the remainder of the product a*b after dividing by n. For example using the set S = {2, 5, 8} and n = 9, 5 + 8 = 4, since 4 is the remainder after dividing 13 (5 + 8) by 9; and 2 * 8 = 7, since 7 is the remainder after dividing 16 (2*8) by 9.a. For each set S and number n specified below, create two “operation” tables (these are called Cayley tables), one showing the results for the operation +, and one showing the results of the operation * for each pair of elements from S (see the example tables in the notes).i. S1 = {0, 1} and n = 2ii. S2 = {1, 2} and n = 3iii. S3 = {0, 2, 4, 6} and n = 8iv. S4 = {1, 3, 5, 7} and n = 8v. S5 = {1, 2, 3, 4} and n =…Consider the problem of making change for n cents using the fewest number of coins. Assume that we live in a country where coins come in k dierent denominations c1, c2, . . . , ck, such that the coin values are positive integers, k ≥ 1, and c1 = 1, i.e., there are pennies, so there is a solution for every value of n. For example, in case of the US coins, k = 4, c1 = 1, c2 = 5, c3 = 10, c4 = 25, i.e., there are pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters. To give optimal change in the US for n cents, it is sufficient to pick as many quarters as possible, then as many dimes as possible, then as many nickels as possible, and nally give the rest in pennies. Design a bottom-up (non-recursive) O(nk)-time algorithm that makes change for any set of k different coin denominations. Write down the pseudocode and analyze its running time. Argue why your choice of the array and the order in which you fill in the values is the correct one. Notice how it is a lot easier to analyze the running time of…Consider the problem of making change for n cents using the fewest number of coins. Assume that we live in a country where coins come in k dierent denominations c1, c2, . . . , ck, such that the coin values are positive integers, k ≥ 1, and c1 = 1, i.e., there are pennies, so there is a solution for every value of n. For example, in case of the US coins, k = 4, c1 = 1, c2 = 5, c3 = 10, c4 = 25, i.e., there are pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters. To give optimal change in the US for n cents, it is sufficient to pick as many quarters as possible, then as many dimes as possible, then as many nickels as possible, and nally give the rest in pennies. Design a bottom-up (non-recursive) O(nk)-time algorithm that makes change for any set of k different coin denominations. Write down the pseudocode and analyze its running time. Argue why your choice of the array and the order in which you ll in the values is the correct one.
- Consider the problem of making change for n cents using the fewest number of coins. Assume that we live in a country where coins come in k dierent denominations c1, c2, . . . , ck, such that the coin values are positive integers, k ≥ 1, and c1 = 1, i.e., there are pennies, so there is a solution for every value of n. For example, in case of the US coins, k = 4, c1 = 1, c2 = 5, c3 = 10, c4 = 25, i.e., there are pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters. To give optimal change in the US for n cents, it is sufficient to pick as many quarters as possible, then as many dimes as possible, then as many nickels as possible, and nally give the rest in pennies. Prove that the coin changing problem exhibits optimal substructure. Design a recursive backtracking (brute-force) algorithm that returns the minimum number of coins needed to make change for n cents for any set of k different coin denominations. Write down the pseudocode and prove that your algorithm is correct.Let A be the set of all strings of decimal digits of length 5. For example 24157 and05189 are strings in A.(a) How many strings in A have exactly one 7?(b) How many strings in A have at least two 2’s?(c) How many strings in A have the digits in a strictly decreasing order? For example97643 and 54321 are such strings, but 14820 and 95421 are not.Suppose you begin with a pile of n stones and split this pile into n piles of one stone each by successively splitting a pile of stones into two smaller piles. Each time you split a pile you multiply the number of stones in each of the two smaller piles you form, so that if these piles have r and s stones in them, respectively, you compute rs. Show that no matter how you split the piles, the sum of the products computed at each step equals n(n−1) /2
- Imagine there are N teams competing in a tournament, and that each team plays each of the other teams once. If a tournament were to take place, it should be demonstrated (using an example) that every team would lose to at least one other team in the tournament.Let l be a line in the x-yplane. If l is a vertical line, its equation is x = a for some real number a. Suppose l is not a vertical line and its slope is m. Then the equation of l is y = mx + b, where b is the y-intercept. If l passes through the point (x₀, y₀), the equation of l can be written as y - y₀ = m(x - x₀). If (x₁, y₁) and (x₂, y₂) are two points in the x-y plane and x₁ ≠ x₂, the slope of line passing through these points is m = (y₂ - y₁)/(x₂ - x₁). Instructions Write a program that prompts the user for two points in the x-y plane. Input should be entered in the following order: Input x₁ Input y₁ Input x₂You are given a string X of length n and another string Y of length m ≤n. Say,the indexes p1, p2, p3, p4 and q1, q2, q3, q4 form two sub-sequences, i.e., 0 ≤ p1 < p2 < p3 < p4 < nand 0 ≤q1 < q2 < q3 < q4 < n; then, they are non-overlapping if p4 < q1.The task is to count the maximum number of non-overlapping sub-sequences of X that are thesame as Y . Thus, if X = GAXTYAWBGTAUGBTABGRGTAXB and Y = GTAB, then the answer is3 as shown by the red fonts. We cannot select the underlined GTAB as it overlaps with a red GTAB(i.e., among overlapping sub-sequences, you can select only one of them).Describe an O(m + n) time algorithm to obtain the count. Write a pseudo-code.