You have purified cytochrome C from a newly discovered species of bacteria called VCU. When you obtain the amino acid sequence you compare it to the cytochrome C amino acid sequence from other bacterial species. Species A- 16 amino acid differences with VCU Species B- 3 amino scid differences with VCU Species C- 6 amino acid differences with VCU Species D- 18 amino acid differences with VCU List the bacterial species (A-D) from closest related to VCU to most distantly related to VCU

You have purified cytochrome C from a newly discovered species of bacteria called VCU. When you obtain the amino acid sequence you compare it to the cytochrome C amino acid sequence from other bacterial species. Species A- 16 amino acid differences with VCU Species B- 3 amino scid differences with VCU Species C- 6 amino acid differences with VCU Species D- 18 amino acid differences with VCU List the bacterial species (A-D) from closest related to VCU to most distantly related to VCU

Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)

5th Edition

ISBN:9781305117396

Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr

Chapter11: Evidence Of Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3FIO

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a researcher studying two species (species 1 and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight codons from the same gene, gene a, in each and compares them. species 1 and species 2 had a most recent common ancestor 50 million years ago. eight codons of nucleotide sequences are compared between species 1 and species 2. overall, there are six nucleotides that are different between the two species sequences. of these nucleotide differences, one is in the first position of a codon, three are in the second position of a codon, and two are in the third position of a codon. species 1 sequence is a t c, g g g, c g g, g a c, t t a, t t a, t a t, g c c. species 2 sequence is a a c, g g g, c g a, g a c, t a a, c t a, t a t, g g a. given the differences between the sequences of the two species' genes shown here, what evolutionary force can you predict is in operation on gene a? negative selection stabilizing selection balancing selection directional selection positive selection disruptive…
If the rate of amino acid replacement for the cytochrome c protein is 9.0E-10 replacements per amino acid site per year, and the proportion of substitutions between wooly twizzlers and hairless posquats (2 made up species) at this gene is 0.1212, how many years ago did the cytochrome c protein in wooly twizzlers and hairless posquats diverge from each other?
Chargaff’s rules state that the amount of A, T, G, and C in DNAa. varies from species to species, and the amount of A = T and G = C.b. varies from species to species, and the amount of A = G and T = C.c. is the same from species to species, and the amount of A = T and G = C.d. is the same from species to species, and the amount of A = G and T = C.
Suppose that the sequences of two proteins each consisting of 200 amino acids are aligned and that the percentage of identical residues has been calculated. How would you interpret each of the following results in regard to the possible divergence of the two proteins from a common ancestor? (a) 80% (b) 50% (c) 20% (d) 10%
A researcher studying two species (species 1 and species 2) sequences a short stretch of eight codons from the same gene, gene B, in each and compares them. Species 1 and species 2 had a most recent common ancestor 50 million years ago. Species 1: ATC GGG CGG GAC TTA CTA TAT GCC Species 2: ATT GGG CGG GAC TTG CTA TAT GCC Given the differences between the sequences of the two species' genes shown here, what evolutionary force can you predict is most likely in operation on gene B?
Which of the following types of mutations would be predicted to harm an organism? explain your answers. A. insertion of a single nucleotide near the end of the coding sequence.B. removal of a single nucleotide near the beginning of the coding sequence. C. Deletion of three consecutive nucleotides in the middle of the coding sequence. D. Deletion of four consecutive nucleotides in the middle of the coding sequence. E. substitution of one nucleotide for another in the middle of the coding sequence.
There are 27 sequences from 27 individuals belonging to an unidentified group of organisms. Eleven (11) sequences were mined from NCBI while the rest are unpublished sequences from Mindanao. Sequences labeled with "SSL" are from Agusan Marsh while sequences labeled with "CKL/CITLR" and "CWL" are from Camiguin Island and Dinagat Islands respectively. Finally, sequences labeled with "MSLA" are from Mt. Magdiwata. From the nucleotide results and generated phylogenetic tree below: a) What group of organisms is represented by the phylogenetic tree? b) Identify the source (species) of each sequence. c) How many species are present in the generated tree? d) What species is considered as the outgroup? e) What genetic marker is utilized to generate the sequences? f) Which specimen group is more closely related to "SSL"? CKL or MSLA? Justify your answer h) Based on the results, what possible species name can be assigned to the MSLA group?
How do you know if the halibut you purchased at the supermarket is really halibut? To identify the source of a biological sample, scientists PCR amplify and then sequence a region of DNA known to vary between species. For animals, this DNA region is a 648-base pair portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. The sequence of this mtDNA region acts as a so-called DNA barcode because a database exists that contains the sequences of this mtDNA region that are unique for hundreds of thousands of animal species. A) Why do you think that a region of mitochondrial DNA is used for barcoding animals, as opposed to a region of nuclear genomic DNA?
A mutational event inserts an extra nucleotide pair intoDNA. Which of the following outcomes do you expect?(1) No protein at all; (2) a protein in which one aminoacid is changed; (3) a protein in which three amino acidsare changed; (4) a protein in which two amino acids arechanged; (5) a protein in which most amino acids afterthe site of the insertion are changed.
The following two sequences represent the same gene from two different species: Assume that all changes in the third position are synonymous and all in the first and second positions are nonsynonymous. a) How many synonymous sites (positions) are there in the gene? b) How many nonsynonymous sites (positions) are there in the gene? c) How many synonymous substitutions are there between species? d) How many nonsynonymous substitutions are there between species? e) What is the dN/dS ratio? f) What does the dN/dS ratio tell you about the evolution of this sequence? Finally, It has been hypothesized that population size affects genome size. What is the proposed relationship? How can it be explained?
The image depicts the anatomical structure of the forelimb of a dolphin and a bat, both mammals. Which Hypothesis are consistent with the evolutionary relationship shown by this image? Select all that apply. A. Bats are more closely related to birds that to dolphins due to the similarity in flight B. Dolphins and bats share a common ancestor that is more recent than the one shared with birds C. Amino Acid sequences for the cytochrome C analysis of these two species will also be similar D. Embryological comparisons of these two species will show homologies with each other than bats have with birds
Three species have the following DNA sequences at a particular region of a gene: Species A: ACGT Species B: ACGT Species C: AGGT An outgroup is AGGT. a. Which two species are most likely to be sister species? b. How do you know?