Acid mine drainage

1. DEFINITION OF OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES (OERS) OERs are various educational resources that can be accessed at minimal or free cost to all students, whether part-time or full time studying. They serve as other credible academic source for learning, teaching, research and can be digitally accessed, through the internet. What is even more interesting about the OERs is that the higher institution levels are able to produce and publish information that is needed strongly for their faculty/class demonstrations

The one thing humans need on this planet to survive is water. If we need water to survive, then why are polluting it? Most of our nation’s waterways are in terrible condition because of the pollution in the water. Water pollution not only can cause illnesses, but also deaths for humans. Humans aren’t the only thing that water pollution causes harm to. It is also hurting our ecosystem. Humans are the leading cause of most water pollution. We keep throwing wastes into the water making the water unsafe

impacts on native environment and vegetation at Olympic Dam including air quality, groundwater, surface water and drainage, noise and vibration, terrestrial impacts and radiation etc. An underground mine implementing sublevel open stoping method with an integrated metallurgical processing plant are currently accommodated in the site. Owing to current prospects and demands, the underground mine could gradually be transformed to open pit (Kable Intelligence Limited, 2016). 1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS GENERATED

Mountaintop mining and valley fill (MTM/VF) coal extraction, which is heavily practiced in the Central Appalachian region of the eastern United States, represents a dramatic landscape-scale disturbance. The process includes removing as much as 300m of rock, soil, and vegetation from ridge tops to access deep coal seams; the overburden material is then placed in adjacent valleys, burying headwater streams. Post-mining topography, vegetation, soils, and runoff pathways can be severely altered during

Geoffrey L. Buckley’s “Extracting Wealth from the Earth and Forest,” featured in North American Odyssey, examines how private and commercial logging and mining “shaped and reshaped North America’s physical environment during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.” (139) Specifically, the author narrows his focus to observing the role of the federal government in sanctioning such practices, industrial logging, and commercial mining, all with a particular eye toward Appalachia (140). Buckley’s essay

toxic chemicals. Samples taken in 2011 had a pH measuring around 2.5, meaning the water was comparable to gastric acid (PitWatch, 2013). This lake, known as the Berkeley Pit Lake, was formed by open pit mining in the 1950s. Originally, the mine was built by the Atlantic-Richfield Corporation to meet the global demands for copper post World War II. Copper prices tanked in 1982, so the mine was shut down and pumps removing water were deactivated. The company left behind a pit encompassing an area of approximately

Parts of the Finniss River have been contaminated as a result of acids draining into the system. Here, acid mine drainage has leached as a by-product of the Rum Jungle mine and has been toxic to the aquatic ecosystem and its vegetation and fauna (ABC News, 2016). Furthermore, low-level radiation was detected in in the area which resulted in the popular Rum Jungle South

effects on surface and ground water (Cereceda, 2007). First, there is the problem of Acid Mine Drainage, or AMD. Naturally, sulphuric acid is produced when sulphides in rocks are exposed to water and air. AMD, however, is a result of this process being greatly magnified. Large quantities of rocks containing sulphides are excavated in these open pit mines, reacting to water and air and creating sulphuric acid. This acid leaches out of the rock, sometimes for

(as the phenomena knowns weathering condition).Therefore these variable sources can add a critical deposit into the river or lake (surface water) constituents. For instance, many lakes and rivers sensitive to acidification due to the acid precipitation/ mine drainage, or to the atmospheric inputs such as (dust, SO4, NO3, Cl) leaving no time for neutralization before reaching lakes and rivers. Further, seasonally variation for the snowmelt, dry period, runoff, discharge can be explained by a plot of

North Mara mine suffered great human rights abuses under its predecessor, Canada’s Placer Dome. Lissu, who has been jailed for anti-mining activism, claims that Bar- rick’s security operatives at the North Mara mine have since been linked to six violent deaths and that the killings are part of a strategy to silence mine critics. Most of the conflict arises over whether the local tradition of alluvial mining became illegal under arrangements and contracts held by the Porgera gold mine. ATA claimed