Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease also known as COPD is a group of progressed lung disease that makes it hard for you to breath. The main disease that lead to COPD is bronchitis and emphysema. Emphysema is known to slowly destroys air sacs in your lungs which interfere with outward breathing. Bronchitis is inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes in which mucus builds up in which carry the air from and to the lung. The symptoms are not major nor extreme. At first, they start off mild

Eve Ensler said “I wake up every day and I think, 'I 'm breathing! It 's a good day.” Breathing is extremely important activity it allows us to take in and release vital elements to keep us alive, but there are diseases that can hinder us from breathing properly. A disease on the rise and one of the top three leading causes of death in America is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) it is the third leading cause of death in America, claiming the lives of 134,676 Americans in 2010 alone.

COPD is a lung disease that makes a person hard to breath. This can cause damage to the lung over the years and this is usually caused from smoking. COPD is a mix of two diseases chronic bronchitis is the airway that carry air to the lung that causes the lung to inflame and make a lot of mucus. This can cause or block the airways that will make it hard to breath. Then there is emphysema where this is a healthy person, Tiny air sacs in the lungs and look like balloons. As the person breathe when inhaling

expired in one second (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). FEV1 and symptoms exhibited are used to stage COPD (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). COPD is staged at five levels of severity (Refer to Appendix for severity scale). The severity of COPD is defined by FEV 1 %, or the maximal amount of air forcefully exhaled in one second using spirometry (Timmins, et.al., 2012). Emphysema and chronic

AAT deficiency is the result of a mutation in the coding sequence of the SERPINA1 gene located on chromosome 14. This gene encodes for the serine protease inhibitor, alpha-1 antitrypsin. The most common type of AAT mutant molecule, PiZ, is caused by a single amino acid substitution of lysine for glutamate at position 342. This mutation causes misfolding of the AAT. Rather than the normal conformation of the gene product, the reactive center loop of one protein inserts into the beta sheet of another

Emphysema Emphysema is a condition in which there is over-inflation of structures in the lungs known as alveoli or air sacs. This over-inflation results from a breakdown of the walls of the alveoli, which causes a decrease in respiratory function (the way the lungs work) and often, breathlessness. Early symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath and cough. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis together comprise chronic obstructive

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease A Brief Overview and Selected Pharmacological Interventions Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an often preventable lung disease; that can be treated but not cured. COPD is an overarching term that includes the progressive lung diseases emphysema, chronic bronchitis, refractory (non-reversible) asthma, and some forms of bronchiectasis (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD], 2017, pp. 6-7). According to the Centers

Personal Reference My Dad recently passed away unannounced though advanced in age. I think if I had an in depth knowledge of what took him away so quick, I would have been able to convince and or lure him out of such sudden departure. He had been a chronic smoker for a short period of time. He might have suffered a lot I believe; with inference from the kind of disease the autopsy result diagnosed him of Emphysema, as the major causative factor to his unannounced departure. I am leading this discussion

Without the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin protein, white platelets start to hurt the lungs and lung crumbling happens. The World Health Organization and the American Thoracic Society prescribes that each individual determined to have COPD be tried for Alpha-1(What is COPD). Since not all people with COPD have AATD, and in light of the fact that a few people with COPD have never smoked, it

associated with smoking tobacco or exposure to industrial chemical fumes, in a nonsmoker, the cause of COPD is related to the genetic defect of alpha 1 antitrypsin (Mcconnell, 2014). In fact, airway inflammatory response related to cigarette smoking starts within minutes to hours of the exposure according to a study in Tuder & Petrache (2012). Alpha 1 antitrypsin is an enzyme produced by the liver which inhibits the digestive enzymes that damage the airway of the lungs and the lung parenchyma, thus protecting