COPD: A Lung Disease

R.W. appears with progressive difficulty getting his breath while doing simple tasks, and also having difficulty doing any manual work, complains of a cough, fatigue, and weight loss, and has been treated for three respiratory infections a year for the past 3 years. On physical examination, CNP notice clubbing of his fingers, use accessory muscles for respiration, wheezing in the lungs, and hyperresonance on percussion of the lungs, and also pulmonary function studies show an FEV1 of 58%. These all symptoms and history represented here most strongly indicate the probability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a respiratory disease categorized by chronic airway inflammation, a decrease in lung function over time, and gradual damage in quality of life (Booker, 2014).

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, or COPD, is a relatively common chronic illness that is treatable, however there is currently has no cure. COPD is an illness that encompasses two major illnesses these illnesses are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Both of these illnesses wreak havoc on the lungs of the affected person by causing mucus to build up in the bronchioles henceforth reducing the effectiveness of the alveoli which impairs gas exchange. According to the American Lung Association, “COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States. More than 11 million people have been diagnosed with COPD, but an estimated 24 million may have the disease without even knowing it” (American Lung Association [ALA], n.d.). As this data from the American Lung Association shows, in the United States alone we may have a total of 35 million people (almost one tenth of the American population) living with COPD. QSEN, which stands for Quality and Safety Education for Nurses, has developed six competencies related to nursing care. These competencies are Patient-Centered Care, Teamwork and Collaboration, Evidence-Based Practice, Quality Improvement, Safety, and Informatics. These aforementioned QSEN competencies break down how nurses should be treating patients and working with the health care team.

The United States has two lung diseases categorized under the definition of COPD. They are emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

The effectiveness of Family Support Caregiver in improving the Functional Status of Client with Pulmonary Diseases.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects an estimated 24 million individuals in the United States, where half of these people do not even know they have it (COPD Foundation 2014). COPD governs a deluge of ailments including: emphysema, refractory asthma, some forms of bronchiectasis, and the very prevalent chronic bronchitis. Chronic Bronchitis is a long-term pulmonary disease where there is a problem in the airway of the lungs, making it very difficult to breath, especially when one is trying to exhale air out of the airways. It is clinically defined as cough production of sputum occurring on most days in three consecutive months over two consecutive years (Chaudhry

Their are two major types of COPD, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. In emphysema the walls between the air sacs are destroyed. In turn the sacs loose their shape. Their become fewer larger air sac instead of of numerous smaller one. This causes problems with the body getting enough oxygen ("COPD"). Without oxygen the body has to use anaerobic respiration, this is only a short term solution. Our bodies can do this but it produces lactic acid. Our bodies normally use aerobic respiration with requires oxygen. Chronic Bronchitis is when the airways are irritated and inflamed. The linings of the airways also become thick, along with an excess mucus formation. This causes breathlessness ("COPD").

I work as a respiratory therapist and treat patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking is a leading cause associated with developing COPD. As a professional working in the healthcare field, I have been fortunate and educated about the dangers and consequences linked to cigarette smoking. I have treated and have experience with individuals who have smoked and developed COPD. Also, as an educator, I have tried to help individuals quit smoking to improve overall health. As an educator, I view smoking as an addiction to the drug nicotine and managing cravings will help individuals quit smoking.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease also known as COPD is a group of progressed lung disease that makes it hard for you to breath. The main disease that lead to COPD is bronchitis and emphysema. Emphysema is known to slowly destroys air sacs in your lungs which interfere with outward breathing. Bronchitis is inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes in which mucus builds up in which carry the air from and to the lung. The symptoms are not major nor extreme. At first, they start off mild and don’t really cause any pain. First some people may experience coughing and shortness of breath and think that they are coming off with a cold. Once COPD progresses it can become increasingly hard to breath. At this point many go to the doctor in

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is progressively common amongst patients within the United States. The disease is more common in patients with a long smoking history. Inflammatory changes are largely responsible for the development and symptoms of COPD. COPD is typically managed according to classification of severity based on the GOLD guidelines. Anoro Ellipta is a new once daily FDA approved drug. It is a combination of a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long-acting b2-agonist that should be considered in the management of COPD. Efficacy studies have proved Anoro Eliipta in preventing COPD exacerbations and show it is well tolerated amongst patients.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) is a progressive lung diseases mainly characterized as having emphysema and chronic bronchitis. It is one of the major cause of death and disability in the US.1 In 2011, it was the third leading cause of death in the US. Prevalence of COPD varies by state and was found to be 6.3% (nearly 15 million) amongst the US adults. Despite such high prevalence, it remains undiagnosed or untreated in nearly half of the population.3 Prevalence rate is higher among people over 65 years old, among females, and among non-Hispanic white population.3 It’s one of the major driver for avoidable healthcare costs. It causes long-term disability, early deaths and is an important issue affecting employee health and work-productivity. In 2010, the estimated direct healthcare costs by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood institute was $29.5 billion, where $13.2 billion accounted for hospital care costs, $5.5 billion were for physician services and $5.8 billion were for prescription drugs. The indirect cost estimated due to COPD was around $20 billion, and the number of productivity days lost due to suffering from COPD was higher than any other chronic conditions. ,

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading cause of death in the world. Because smoking is the main cause of COPD, abstinence from smoking manages it. Medical researchers have conducted novel research to observe the effectiveness of smoking cessation on COPD patients, while some have summarized and analyzed previous research to recommend involvement of nurses in intervention programs. The main aim of research in this field is to measure the severity of the disease and analyze the possible effective ways of reducing the harsh effects of smoking in COPD patients. Research in this field also draws scholarships from broad topics like use of ATS guidelines to measure the severity of restrictive lung disease. The research

Symptoms of COPD often begin in middle age and is commonly caused by years of smoking. COPD is progressive, irreversible and made up of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (Goolsby & Grubbs, 2011). Symptoms include; chronic productive cough for three consecutive months each year for 2 sequential years with intermittent acute exacerbations during which the symptoms worsen on exertion. COPD is predominantly a smoker’s disease that cluster in families and worsens with age. Inflammation of the cells lining the bronchial wall, hyperplasia of the mucous glands, and narrowing of the small airways. The term COPD does not include other obstructive diseases such as asthma (Papadakis et al., 2015).

COPD comprises of chronic bronchitis or emphysema or the combination of these two pathological conditions. Chronic Bronchitis is described as the occurrence of a cough and increased sputum production for as a minimum of three months in each of two sequential years, which is not necessarily

COPD disease is caused by disorders of the respiratory tract with obstruction of the trachea caused congestion of the lungs as a result, the internal resistance of the pharynx increased while exhaling. The patient with dyspnea that is difficulty breathing because of the force required to breathe more. The patient was suffered from COPD especially in a chronic elderly patient to perform activities or do activities of daily living were decreased. In addition the length of hospitalization for long time, the cost of treatment is high, the loss of income that inability to work normally and when the disease get worsened which these are result in patients suffering, disillusionment and depression. The lack of control exacerbations on COPD potentially

Mrs. P is a 78-year-old lady with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a history of myocardial infarct and stroke with no residual deficit. She has been a known hypertensive, has gout, and previously found to have multiple gastric ulcers with no suspicious features, which are likely NSAID induced. She has a long-standing urinary incontinence and has been living in her home, before she became unwell, hospitalized and eventually moved into a rest home.