Binocular vision

different cues affect binocular and monocular vision in depth perception (Reinhardt-Rutland, 1996). Others have studied how depth cues are used in tasks like computer- and video-based tasks (Westerman & Cribbin, 1998). Visual depth perception is using cues to perceive the world in three dimensions and the distance of objects. There are many cues to help with depth perception. They can be categorised in either binocular vision (two eyes) or monocular vision (one eye). Binocular only has physiological

Soriano (2016) describe amblyopia as the result of visual deprivation due to impaired binocular function. An impairment thought typical of the two most commonly proposed underlying causal factors; strabismus and

Section 005 March 22, 2017 Abstract: It is well understood that ocular dominance columns are a group of neurons that preferentially respond to the input from one eye over the other. When these groups of neurons converge onto binocular cells found in other layers, binocular vision is produced. However, it is less understood whether ophthalmologic diseases, specifically forms of astigmatism, strabismus and cataracts, have an impact on the development and maintenance of these ocular dominance columns.

INTRODUCTION In the preceding generations, fine distance visual acuity and stereoscopic vision were of paramount importance, since the survival depended absolutely on the capability to farm, hunt and fish. But today, the emphasis has shifted virtually from distance visual functions to two dimensional near visual tasks such as desk work, reading, computer usage etc.The presence of non strabismic binocular dysfunctions such as accommodative and vergence anomalies make it difficult for the visual

our meals, do our jobs, and consume our entertainment. For many animals, their sense of sight is of vital importance for their survival. For example, hawks and eagles rely on their incredible vision to spot prey from the sky. Large predatory cats, such as lions and jaguars, will use their improved night vision to hunt unsuspecting prey in the dark. The loss of sight means almost certain death for a large amount of animals, as sight is mainly used for awareness of surroundings, avoiding predators

Human beings have a remarkable ability of making accurate distance judgments based on the images that form on the retina of the eyes. More specifically, humans can extract depth information from the retinal images, which are usually two-dimensional (2D) or rather depthless (Blake & Sekuler, 2006; Eysenck, 2002; Snowden et al., 2012). However, it is important to note that the process of visual perception is much more complex in that the 2D retinal images must be perceived as three-dimensional (3D)

Introduction In 1981, D.H Hubel and T.N Wiesel were awarded half of the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with R.W. Sperry who received the other half. The two had been conducting experiments and publishing their findings together for over twenty years, before they were awarded the Nobel prize for “their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system.” They produced many reports including single and complex cells, and ocular dominance. Their work provided better understanding

1. The period of susceptibility, as defined in the present study, is a critical period in which vision is developed. The researchers discovered that the period of susceptibility in kittens has a sudden onset at the beginning of the fourth week of life. A gradual decline in the period of susceptibility is seen sometime between the sixth and eighth weeks of life and continues through the end of the third month of life. By the end of the third month and the beginning of the fourth month, the period

cortex provided crucial insights into the experience-dependency of normal cortical development. Hubel and Wiesel capitalized on the finding of physiologically distinct neurons in the visual cortex that responded to varying degrees to monocular and binocular visual stimulation (ref), and by tangentially traversing through layer 4 of the V1 cortex while recording from individual neurons, they found that neurons responsive to the left or right eyes were separated into ocular dominance columns (ODCs) (Hubel

Introduction Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) is a nervous system condition that makes a person close his or her eyes without meaning to do it. The blinking or spasms may gradually become more frequent and forceful, and eventually involve both eyes. This can make it hard for you to keep your eyes open and do activities such as watching television or reading. Without treatment, the eyes may close forcefully for long periods of time. What are the causes? The exact cause of this condition is not