Early Islamic philosophy

controversial aspects of the Islamic religion. It is a part of Islam; whose beliefs vary from that of traditional Muslims but is derived from a more philosophical and social standpoint with a focus on closeness to God and attaining the truth of divine love and knowledge. The term “Sufism” represents a school of thought rooted in the Islamic mystical philosophy and theology, whose beliefs and principles exerted significant influences across various aspects of Islamic politics and culture across the

One cannot have an adequate and well-versed discussion about Islamic civilization without first defining two key terms: Civilization and Islam. Associate Professor at Washington University in St. Louis, Ahmet Karamustafa, defines civilizations as, “nothing more than a particular, even unique combination of ideas and practice that groups of human actors – who are the real agents of human history – affirm as their own and use to define and develop their own sense of presence and agency in

contrasts. Their similarities include worshipping only one god, revering the same early prophets such as Jesus, following a set of commandments, believing in a day of judgement, and having a concept of heaven and hell. Their differences include having different founders, the concept of sin, and the resurrection of Jesus. Islam has also given many contributions to Western Civilization, such as science, math, medicine, and philosophy. One of Islam and Christianity’s similarities is worshipping only one god

to mixed reviews. While some were quick to defend Paracelsianism—Peter Severinus, for instance—by remarking on the failures of Galenic medicine to treat new European diseases, others—such as Erastus—were unwilling to abandon the well-established philosophy and the humoral medicine of antiquity. Johannes Guinter van Andernach and Severinus, although espousing Paracelsianism to different degrees, reconciled Paracelsus’ principles with the accepted Aristotelian causes by approaching Paracelsian theories

logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality, aesthetics, logic, science, politics, and metaphysics. Aristotle's views on the physical sciences profoundly shaped medieval scholarship, and their influence extended well into

developed. Several key features of Islamic philosophy provided science with an environment in which to develop. The first influential aspect of Islam is the emphasis of learning. The Prophet Muhammad emphasized learning to such a degree that he stated “One hour of teaching is better than a night of praying” (qtd. in Al-Ghazal). Interpretations of the Qur’an also associate the gaining of knowledge with comprehension of religion (Rosenthal 29). “Islamic philosophy was … concerned with the basic issue

religion and philosophy of Islam convinced him of the universal spirit of Islam. His deep study of Muslim thought and culture gave his poetry a Muslim flavor. He looked forward to Islamic fraternity being more far-reaching, in the long run, serving as a workable basis of human unity. Almost all his poetic thoughts and themes were colored by Islamic creed. His poetry of this period is replete with symbols drawn from the Semitic lands. There are innumerable references in his poetry to Islamic history or

spiritual knowledge which is proven successful by previous Muslim scientists during the period of medieval Islam. In Islamic science, cosmology plays an important role as a link between pure metaphysics and the particular sciences and acts as a source of conceptual framework for the unity of science and spiritual knowledge. There are a number of cosmological principles in Islamic science which are formulated based on the relevant Qur’anic verses, prophetic traditions and intuitive knowledge of famous

ancient cultures and civilizations, they don’t think about the kind of influences they might have had on our society. One of those cultures having the most influence being Ancient Greece. The Ancient world of Greece is far from ancient in the arts, philosophies, ideas, architectures, governments, religions, and everyday life of the people in the latter half of the twentieth century. Come, discover and explore the civilization that forms the foundation of human history. Come, step into the ancient past

The Jews in Islamic Spain: Al Andalus by S. Alfassa Marks One of the characteristic features of the early history of Spain is the successive waves of different people who spread across the Iberian Peninsula. Phoenicians, Greeks, Vandals, Visigoths, Muslims, Jews, and Christians all occupied Spain at one point or another. History records communities of Jews living on the Iberian Peninsula from as early as the destruction of the first temple in Jerusalem (Diaz-Mas 1). But it was during the realm