Expansion joint

A sprained ankle is an ankle injury that is quite common and it can cause a lot of discomfort. It is very important that this injury is treated early and properly. This article about treating a sprained ankle will show you how to quickly recover from the injury. A sprain occurs when a ligament is injured because of a sudden twist of the foot. An ankle sprain commonly occurs in runners or athletes and it is actually a soft tissue wound. It occurs when an individual's ankle is turned over because

tibiofemoral and patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, and patellofemoral pain (PFP). These injuries are treated by physical therapists today more than ever before. In the United States, OA is the most common joint-related disorder (Zhang and Jordan, 2010). This study also reported that OA specific to the knee occurred in 13% of women and 10% of males over the age of 60 years old in 2010. The prevalence of OA is likely to increase in the future with the aging

feel that the joint is wobbly or unstable. The most common indication for total knee replacement is osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint disease. The end stage of osteoarthritis is wearing out of cartilage (smooth, gliding bone ends) resulting in bone-to-bone contact in diseased joints. It is progressive and becomes increasingly painful as the cartilage erodes. Younger people who get knee replacements have damaged their joints by trauma (accidents that destroy joint surfaces), infection

glucosamine and glucosamine with alendronate in symptomatic relieve of degenerative knee joint disease” (Hamid Reza Arti & Mohammad Ebrahim Azemi, 2012, p. 87-92). The study talked about the Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) or osteoarthritis, which is the most common destructive joint disease and causes of chronic disability in human beings. Osteoarthritis is often caused by aging, frequent use of knee joints or obesity. People with osteoarthritis are normally treated by glucosamine. On the other

The first class lever is where the force and resistance is located between the fulcrum. An example of a first class lever is a seesaw. An example of a first class lever in the human body is the joint found between the skull and the atlas vertebrae of the spine. The second class lever has resistance force distributed between the axis and fulcrum. A wheel barrow or luggage with wheels on the bottom are examples of a second class lever. An example of a second class lever in the human body is located

Mandibular fractures are among the most common facial injuries and account for 23–97% of all facial fractures dependent on the survey. The principal fracture areas are located in the condylar neck, the symphysis and the body or the angle of the mandible [1]. Miniplate osteosynthesis has become one of the important fixation method in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery. Miniplate osteosynthesis is a standard method for the surgical treatment of mandibular fractures. Miniplates provide functionally

Joints are articulations where two or more bones meet (Marieb 166). Joints hold bones together and allow for the skeleton to move (Marieb 166). The hinge joint connects the humerus, radius, and ulna. First, the hinge joint is a synovial joint. Synovial joints are joints that, "the articulating bone ends are separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid" (Marieb 169). The four features of synovial joints are that the articular cartilage covers the ends of the bones, the joint surfaces are

The knee is a synovial, hinge joint that is critical to every day body functions. Its complicated yet simple structure gives it all it needs in order to flex and extend the legs. The knee is made up of four bones: patella, femur, tibia, and fibula. The femur is the largest bone in the body and is supported by the weight bearing knee joint. The bones are connected and supported by tendons and ligaments. The four ligaments each have a job to keep the structure of the knee and move it. First off, the

Arthritis in Knee – Causes and Treatments Arthritis affects approximately 43 million Americans. This condition thins the joint cartilage which then results into painful knees or hands. Types of arthritis include osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis in knee happens when the hinge-type joint from the femur’s lower end rubs with the upper end of the shin-bone or tibia. Also involved are the patella or knee cap as well as the fibula or the long bone which runs right beside the tibia on

Table 2: critical modes in different situations [3, 14] Figure 4: View of knee angle and amount of pressure load in get up the seat [14] Figure 5: View of knee angle and amount of pressure load in climbing the stairs [14] Figure 6: Display of knee angle and amount of pressure load in a kneeling position standing [14] Figure 7: the knee prosthetic with a previous knee modes and new modes of zero degrees to 60 degrees Figure 8: the knee prosthetic with a previous knee zero degrees and 135 degrees