Laboratory glassware

Scientific Measurements, Precision, and Accuracy of Laboratory Glassware When conducting experiments, scientists must understand the significance of accurate and precise measurements while utilizing the correct volumetric containers that are used to quantify data. That way, all information that is collected can be trusted and accurately reflects the facts of the investigation. When measuring the volume of aqueous solutions, it is imperative to acknowledge the accuracy, precision, and percent error

principles Laboratory course is an integral part of chemistry education and accounts for a major percentage of the assessment marks. Chemistry laboratory is a place where the fundamental rules of laboratory techniques which are very important for students at all levels can be learnt. Observations are foreword of experimentation but preconditioned by outline of practical understanding. Design and choice of experimental method may influence the result. The advantage of chemistry laboratory practices

A Soxhlet extraction is used only if the desire substance we want to extract from the sample has limited solubility in a particular solvent, and the impurities cannot dissolve in the solvent. The purpose of this experiment is to extract nicotine from tobacco samples and calculate the amount of nicotine in it. In this experiment, nicotine will be the substance we want to get, and dichloromethane will be the solvent. Through several cycles of extraction, nicotine was able to dissolve in the solvent

Introduction Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with acetic anhydride was used in this experiement to synthesize 4-methoxyacetophenone with the use of a reflux apparatus. Friedel-Crafts reactions can be done by alkylation, which involves mixing an alkyl or acyl halide with a Lewis acid, or acylation, which is done with acid chlorides or anhydrides(Lefevre). Acylation was used because it does not have as many disadvantages aklyations reactions have such as polyalkylation, second electrophilic attacks

The Effect of Concentrations of Starch and Sugar Solutions on Synthetic Semi- Permeable Membranes Question: Is dialysis tubing selectively permeable? Hypothesis: If one has dialysis tubing, which is dipped in water, filled with Gatorade and starch and is left for 15 minutes, the sugar in the Gatorade will exit the dialysis and into the water. So the dialysis is semi-permeable. Materials: 16 cm dialysis tubing beaker cylinder test tubes transfer pipettes Gatorade Starch solution     10

Staphylococcus ATCC25923) and two Gram-Negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC25922 & Salmonella enteritidis ATCC14028). All were American Type Culture Collection. These strains were provided by the Food Microbiology laboratory University of Karachi and commercial laboratory (Food Microbiology) SGS, Karachi. Stock cultures were

Introduction The purpose of this lab was to learn about the different types of fibers and the distinguishing characteristics of used to identify them. Natural fibers and man-made fibers were examined in this lab. The fibers tested were part of a multi-fiber fabric with the following arrangement: Acetate Cotton Nylon Silk Viscose (Rayon) Wool The first lab activity was to observe and record the characteristics of each of these fibers through a stain test, a microscope test, a solvent test, and

The experiments were performed in the science lab 1.226 at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg on October 2, 2017. The experiments were performed in a two-day process due to lack of time. Instructions were given by our TA on where to find the substances (guaiacol under the fume hood, turnip extract, peroxide, and distilled water were placed on our lab tables in dropper bottles, along with the spectrophotometer) and were told to get started. In activity 1 we will be testing 3 concentrations

The first part of the experiment, 3.001g of a biphenyl/p-toluidine sample was obtained. The solid sample was dissolved in 10ml of dichloromethane. A TLC was constructed with a 20% EtOAc/Hexane as the solvent system; after it was completed, Rf values and observation were recorded. The solution was then added to the separatory funnel, making sure that the stopcock of it is closed before the solution is added. After that, 10ml of 3M HCL solution was added into the separatory funnel. The stopper of

Synthesis of Butyl Benzoate Using Phase Transfer Catalysis The objective of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane, 3.0 g of sodium benzoate, 5.0 mL of water, 4 drops of Aliquat 336, and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask