Scanning electron microscope

potassium bromide (KBr; 200 mg) were mixed gently in a glass mortar, compacted to form the disk by applying a force of 5.5 metric tons using a hydraulic press. The corresponding disks were scanned over the wave number range of 4000–400 cm-1 at a scanning speed of 4 scans /s with a resolution of 1 cm-1

3.2. SEM and TEM studies Morphologies of the as-prepared zeolite nanostructures products (ZF, ZM, ZS, and ZT) have been examined using both of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively. The images taken by SEM demonstrated that ZM and ZT are made up of aggregates of a sphere like structures with an average size of ca.3.54 and 3.07 μm, respectively. In addition, ZF and ZS samples were found to consist of aggregates of a (sphere

A prodrug in order to elicit required pharmacological effect, must be converted enzymatically or chemically to the parent drug in vivo. The prodrug approach was widely used to overcome various problems associated with absorption, tumor targeting, distribution, pharmacokinetics, premature metabolism, occurrence of side effects, and patient compliance46-51. The concept of the prodrug was first applied to steroids in ophthalmology to improve the corneal absorption, aqueous solubility and patient compliance

Since the voltage is higher, the wavelength of the electron beam is much smaller (from De-Broglie’s relation) and hence, the TEM has a better resolution than the SEM. The resolution of the TEM is about 0.2nm. In this microscope, the image is formed by capturing the transmitted electrons, rather than the scattered electrons. An image-recording system is used, which converts the electron image into some form perceptible to the human eye. It usually consists of a fluorescent

2.5.3 Statistical analysis Two tests were made: analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scott-Knott multiple comparison test. ANOVA was made with Microsoft Excel® software. Scott-Knott was conducted with Sisvar® software to compare means (treatments statistically different). Both tests were made with a 95% confidence limit. 2.5.3 Air permeability Air permeability of the mortars was evaluated according to Thenoz method (Pereira and Camarini, 2011). Cylindrical specimens (50 mm diameter and 100 mm height)

infusion pump. The solution was pumped at a rate of 0.5 mL/h. 8 kV voltage was applied between the needle and the collecter placed 10 cm away to form an electrospinning jet. The collectors and fibers were observed using a camera (Nikon, Japan) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (JSM-7011F, Japan). 2.2. Cell experiment Murine calvarial preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) were selected as the model cell to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the electrospun fibers. The nanofibrous membranes and films after sterilization

2.3 Diverter Applications The diverter is located at the bottom of the torus shaped vessel and is designed to extract heat from the plasma as well as the ‘exhaust fumes’ of the reaction occurring which are helium and any impurities from the first wall of the reactor. The basic concept of a diverter used within a tokamak design can be understood better by looking at figure x which is a diagram of JET after it had a divertor fitted. The separatrix is the last field line which contains the plasma. The

Where Nc= number of molecules per unit cell (Z=8), A= molecular weight of Cu0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 (236.81 g.mole-1), Vc= unit cell volume (584.172x10-24cm3) and Na=Avogadro’s number (6.023x1023 molecules.mole-1). The measured theoretical density (ρth) was found to be 5.3844g.cm-3. The apparent density of pellet specimens sintered at 850oC and 1050oC was measured by using Ultrapycnometer 1000 which was varified by Archimedes buoyancy Principle and was found to be 4.8 g.cm-3 and 5.02 g.cm-3 respectively.

Imaging proposal Introduction: Polymer membranes are gaining an ever growing attention in the engineering and science disciplines [P.D.Chapman, T.Oliveira, A.G.Livingston, K.Li, Membranes for the dehydration of solvents by pervaporation, J.Membr.Sci.318 (2008)5–37.]. They have been conventionally used for size exclusion applications for instance micro-filtration (MF),ultrafiltration (UF),nanofiltration (NF),and reverse osmosis (RO). Membranes are used as support matrices for immobilization in the

the machines they used to find their legitimacy, date, and so on and one of them was a SEM-EDS, scanning electron microscopy with x-ray microanalysis. It is an electron beam that scans across a sample’s surface. After it scans completely it produces an image or a sample’s elemental composition. The 3 signals that provide the most information in the SEM are the secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, and X-rays. He also talked about an XRF, X-ray fluorescence, a non destructive analytical technique