Tension

39. The Viscosity of Liquids After studying the present lecture, you will be able to Define viscosity and viscosity coefficient Outline the method to measure viscosity using Ostwald viscometer Determine the average molecular weight of a polymer Determine the surface concentration of 1-butanol in aqueous solution Measure the distribution coefficient of a solute betweenn two solvents 39.1 Introduction Viscosity, one of the transport properties, arises because of intermolecular attractive and

energy which is proportional to area .For liquids surface tension is identical to surface energy. And we know everything moves towards reducing its energy therefore drops tend to be spherical. But what about droplets on a solid surface. Drops form an inverted cup like structure and the angle made by drop surface with the solid surface is called the contact angle. Every surface has Surface Energy. There is surface energy or surface tension between air-solid-liquid. Contact angle is defined as the

Introduction Laundry detergents are a cleansing agent that is widely used in the industry to clean laundry. The term “detergent” refers to mixtures of chemical compounds including Alkyl Sulphonates, which are similar to soap but less affected by hard water (Farlex, 2014). Like soap, detergent increases the ability of water to penetrate fabric and break down greases and dirt, however they are derived from organic acids rather than fatty acids (Mifflin, 2005). A detergent is an ion or molecule that

Department of Civil Engineering, Major Project, December-2016 USE OF WASTE PLASTIC IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS Sr. Sr. Name of the Project Name of the Students Roll No. Signature Supervisor/Joint Designation of The Supervisor No. No. Supervisors 1 1 2 2 3 Certificate Project work qualifies for submission 4 Approval of the Supervisor Approved/Rejected/Needs Revision 5 Signature of the Supervisor/s Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India Abstract We are familiar with

vessel will cause an upward force on the liquid at the edges and result in a meniscus which turns upward. The surface tension acts to hold the surface intact. Capillary action occurs when the adhesion to the walls is stronger than the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules. The height which capillary action will take water in a uniform circular tube is limited by surface tension and, of course, gravity.The action which the surface of liquid where it’s in contact with a solid is

environment. Another advantage of this machinery is that it is low-cost and eco-friendly. Recycling of spilled oil and regeneration of the Me-CNT sponges is done primarily by heat treatment. After use, the sponges are gathered by magnets, collected and heated (to 493K to release the gasoline vapour or 573 °C to release diesel). After regeneration, the sponge can be reused multiple times for oil sorption. In fact it can be recycled more than 1000 times. [Xuchun Gui, Zhiping Zeng, Magnetic and Highly

Figure one shows how the different mixing methods affected the final volume of the mayonnaise. It is expected that as the mixing methods gained speed and applied more shear force, the mayonnaise would have more volume. This was seen in the data. The biggest volume of mayonnaise achieved was done by a blender and by a homogenizer. The blender that yielded a low volume product was because the emulsion broke, which explains why a large volume was not seen. The high speed homogenizer also had problems

The morphology of pristine CuO nanoparticles are determined by TEM micrograph as shown in figure 3 (a), the exhibits stacking of small flakes broken of CuO nanostructures giving leafy profile which had agglomeration. The leaf-like flakes have small width with an average size of the flakes is 500–600nm and thickness ~20–30nm. The corresponding SAED pattern (Fig. 3b) clearly shows that the CuO flakes are polycrystalline. Similar observation has obtained by SEM results (Fig. 3c), which demonstrates

Abstract – Since the advent of membrane contactors as means of separation alternative to conventional techniques of separation, such as distillation towers, packed bed towers, research has been done on membranes so as to industrialize the whole process for large plants. The membrane contactors provide significant advantage over the more traditional separation tools and hence, are being increasingly used. The researchers have, though, realized a major disadvantage associated with membrane contactors

3.2.3. Particle shape distribution Particle shape is the recognised pattern of relationships among all of the points forming the external particle surface (Luerkens et al., 1987). Particle shape is one of the most uncontrollable factors in powder technology. Different production techniques (e.g. nonsolvent precipitation, spray drying, freeze-drying, etc.) for one material will practically continuously lead to the production of particles of different shapes, and even particles that have experienced