Zone of proximal development

discusses several areas in the literature and previous studies related to feedback and student writing in second and foreign language settings. This literature review begins with an overview of feedback from sociocultural perspectives. The zone of proximal development and scaffolding as the core concepts of sociocultural theory in second language (L2) writing will be reviewed. Discussion of the socioeducational model in relation to L2 writing motivation will follow. Research on teacher written corrective

According to Piaget (1957), cognitive development was a continuous restructuring of mental processes due to varied situations and experiencing the world and maturing biologically. His view of cognitive development would have us look inside a child’s head and glimpse the inborn process of change that thinking goes through. “He was mainly interested in the biological influences on “how we come to know’” (Huitt and Hummel, 2003). Piaget’s views helps us to have appropriate expectations about children’s

In 2014, former President Obama introduced the Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA) policy which would allow for unauthorized immigrants who are parents of U.S. citizens or permanent residents to be protected for deportation. This also included being granted a working permit. The DAPA program was projected to provide working authorization for over 3.7 million immigrants. According to a report done by the MPI-Urban Institute, it found that more than 10 million

Sociocultural theory refers to the idea that parents, peers, teachers, and culture help to shape a child’s learning. The engagement between objects and environment, in collaboration with social interaction play an extensive role in a child’s learning and development (Wang, Bruce, & Hughes, 2011). Psychologist, Lev Vygotsky, introduced socio-cultural theory. The basis of socio cultural theory is made up of social interaction and cultural tools. Social interaction refers to the parents, peers, and teachers daily

Vygotsky main love was for kids that had disabilities both mental and physical, to help with Vygotsky's idea Vygotsky came up with the concept of Zone of Proximal Development(ZPD). According to Schunk (2012) the concept of (ZPD) is defined as the distance between the actual developmental level as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers Lev Vygotsky

The two students worked together to complete this strategy by using a poster board to create a concept map. In the center of the board, the students placed one main idea and three key terms. Surrounding the main idea and the key terms were supporting details from the article and key concepts from prior knowledge that supported the main idea they identified from the article. For example, the two students placed the term glycolysis and around the term they wrote, the uptake of sugar that are broken

Knowing and learning can be interpreted in many different ways, but my philosophy of knowing and learning is based on my understanding through the personal experience in the tutoring situation. As a Tutor for students who were 9 years old, majority of the time was spent reading to develop their English. An aspect that impacted the students’ learning progress tremendously was the tutor’s responsibility to understand the student’s capability, needs and interest to support their learning progress. When

(Waches 1992). Wachs (1992 p. 2) states ‘the development of a child could be viewed as akin to the growth of a plant- a little sunshine and a little water was all the environmental contribution that was necessary to promote what was inherent in the organism’. The main focus of the essay is exploration of holistic development incorporated in a child’s life such as; physical, emotional, intellectual, language and communication (NCM, 2014). Holistic development views the child as a whole individual (Meggitt

Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory focused on the affect of the surroundings, namely the culture, peers, and adults, on the developing child. Vygotsky proposed the “zone of proximal development” (ZPD) to explain the influence of the cultural context. ZPD refers to the range of tasks which a child cannot finish alone since they are too difficult, but such tasks can be completed with guidance and aid from more-skilled individuals. The lower limit of ZPD is the level of skill that the children can reach

One major drawback that Blatchford (2015) has with the idea of differentiation is ‘the fact that teachers have to do this for 30 students at once’ making ‘it even more difficult’. He further continues to express how you can have great experience in this field which reflects ‘purposeful practice’ but you still would not be able to ‘quite crack’ differentiation. In some ways, I agree with Blatchford as from my first placement, I too have felt the pressure of differentiating for the whole class. I always