13b - Distribution and Constituents of Fluids P3 M2

To start out this study the difference between acids and bases has to be identified. Acids have very low pHs and have a high concentration of hydronium ions, while bases have a high pH and have a high concentration of hydroxide ions. The difference between strong bases and acids, and weak bases and acids is the amount of dissociation. Strong bases and acids dissociate a large amount and let go of their ions in solution, while weak bases and acids may only let go of some of their ions. This is important because if the unknown solutions aren’t strong acids or bases then using their ions to calculate the pH of the solutions will give false results (Diffen 2012).

Acids differ considerable as to their strength. The difference between weak and strong acids can be as much as 10 orders of magnitude. Strong acids dissociate more completely than weak acids, meaning they produce higher concentrations of the conjugate base anion (A-) and the hydronium cation (H30+) in solution.

An acid is a substance which has an excess of H+ ions. Common characteristics of acids include tasting sour and reacting strongly with metals. The acid used in this lab was Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). A base is

This fluctuation occurs due to an uptake of Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere. When this Carbon Dioxide is absorbed by the ocean it changes the chemical composition of the water. When Carbon Dioxide dissolves in the ocean, Carbonic Acid is created. This acid begins to raise the acidity of the water, primarily close the surface, which has been proven to impede the growth of the shells of certain marine species such as corals, oysters, and lobsters. Carbonic Acid has also been proven to be a leading cause of reproductive disorders in some fish species. On the pH scale, substances are rated from 0 to 14. The lower numbers of the scale, such as those with pH levels of five or under, are considered to be more acidic. Conversely, the higher numbers on the scale such as numbers nine or higher, are considered to be more basic. A pH level of seven is perceived as neutral. Examples of substances believed to be more acidic include: (in order from most acidic to least) battery acid, sulfuric acid, vinegar, et cetera. Some of the substances perceived to be more basic include: drain cleaner, bleach, and Ammonia. As far back as records have been made, the ocean’s pH has been a tad basic, averaging about 8.2. Today, the pH is approximately 8.1, a descent of 0.1 pH units. This drop in pH represents a 25-percent

Ocean acidification is becoming on of the most concerning subjects compared to global climate change. pH is the level of acidity, seven being neutral fourteen being most basic and zero being most acidic. The pH levels in the ocean are dropping and becoming more acidic. This is happening because of increasing carbon dioxide emissions. The ocean is taking in the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) is measured by pH. The higher the H+ concentration, the lower the value of pH, meaning there is a large concentration of H+ in acidic solutions.

The pH of your blood should be kept within the range of 7.35- 7.45, if it increases or decreases in acidity, health concerns occurs. In your body, your brain, lungs and kidneys contribute in sustaining your blood pH.

Acidosis is a condition in which there is an excessive acid condition of the body fluids or tissues, the body contains too much acid. There are many ways acidosis can occur. One way is when there is an extreme bicarbonate in the body. Bicarbonate is a chemical acting as a buffer, it keeps the blood’s pH from becoming too acid or to basic. Another way a body can become too acidic is there is a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood. This can happen if you have breathing issues or poor lungs. Both the lungs and the kidneys can atone to a minor or major pH imbalances. The body’s pH level should be at a 7.40, acidosis is any pH at a 7.45 or higher. There are two different types of acidosis: respiratory and metabolic, both can be diagnosed using

pH means potential hydrogen. pH is a measure of H3O+. Hydrogen ions are responsible for determining acid and base since an acid is identified if it gives off a hydrogen, while a base is identified if it receives a hydrogen ion from an acid. The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of water soluble substances. A pH value is can range from 1 to 14, since 7 is in the middle it is known as the (neutral) point. Values below 7 are acidic which increases as the number decreases, 1 would be the most acidic. One theory is the Arrhenius which demonstrates that the acid produces hydrogen ions in a water solution, and that the base hydroxide ions in a water solution. The second theory is The Bronsted theory which shows that the acid is the proton

The acid-balance must be regulated with a range of 7.35 and 7.45 in order for the body to function normally. A pH of below 7.35 is considered acidic and a pH of above 7.45 is considered alkaline or basic. Body acids exist in two forms; volatile and nonvolatile acids. Volatile acids can be eliminated as CO2, usually known as carbonic acid, which is a weak acid. Nonvolatile acids can be eliminated by the kidneys, example are sulfuric and phosphoric. These acids are strong compared to volatile acids.

The pH of a solution is the measure of the concentration of charged Hydrogen ions in that given solution. A solution with a pH lower than seven is considered to be acidic. A solution with a higher pH is a base. It is very important for organisms to maintain a stable pH. Biological molecules such as proteins function only at a certain pH level and any changes in pH can result in them not functioning properly. To maintain these constant pH levels, buffer solutions are used. A buffer solution can resist change to small additions of acids or base’s. A good buffer will have components that act like a base, and components that act like an acid.

Ph means Potential of Hydrogen. The pH scale is used to measure the acid-base level. If the level is between 0 and 6 is acid. If it is 7 it is neutral. And if between 8 and 14, a solution is basic, or alkaline. The pH of a healthy person is in the range of 7.35 to 7.45, therefore alkaline. When a concentration of hydrogen ions is not normal, the kidneys eliminate acid or alkaline urine as needed, contributing to a regulation of the concentration of hydrogen ions. The renal mechanism of regulation causes the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood to vary, through reactions that take place in the renal tubules. It is the definitive mechanism of adjustment in most acid-base imbalances of metabolic origin. The higher the pH, the more alkaline

Acid - In the same way it can have bad effects in water, it can affect the

The normal pH value for the body fluids is between pH 7.35 and 7.45. When the pH value of body fluids is below 7.35, the condition is called acidosis, and when the pH is above 7.45, it is called alkalosis. (Tortora, G., Derrickson, B., 2014)

First things first, what is a pH level? The pH level is short for potential hydrogen, and the level is used to find the acidity of an aqueous solution. The scale ranges from zero to fourteen, and seven being the most neutral level in the scale. The higher the level (over level 7), it contains more oxygen, and more alkaline it is. Lower the level (below level 7), it becomes more acidic and contains less oxygen. Do not think that dropping one level in the pH scale won’t make a big difference, “…the pH scale is a logarithmic measure. This means that every pH change of one is a tenfold change in acid content.” (“Acid Rain: The Environment”). Rain, for instance, should be around 5.3 to 6.0 pH level of acidity, a little acidic but not too much to harm things drastically.