5-6 Pattern Of Child Development

The expected pattern of children’s early years development from 0-5 years consists of Physical, Intellectual and Social and Emotional development. Children aged 0-5 years are expected to be able to walk, talk and interact with other children and adults by the time they are aged 5. Social Development is where a child learns to interact with other people and how to behave in different social situations and how to understand other people 's feelings and their own feelings and how to manage them.

Physical Development: Large Motor Skills; Jump with feet together, walk on tip toes Throw a ball with aim and walk up and down the stairs. Fine Motor Skills; painting, threading beads on a lace, gain control over food utensils, use scissors and hold pencil to draw house and

eeds * Holds out arm when coat being put on * Sticks out foot for shoe to be put on * Shows affection, gives hugs etc * Want to stay with their parents

From 3 to 7 years the child’s movements will be more coordinated. They will learn to balance when hopping, skipping and playing with balls. The fine pincer grip when holding pens, pant brushes will be more defined.

Physical development 0-3 years they are able to feed themselves at the snack table. Nod or shake their heads to say if they want something. If playing shops they should be able to push the trolley and walk at the same time. Be able to kick a ball independently. Showing control when pouring milk/water into a cup. Start making lines and circles when scribbles during mark making. Making bigger towers.

|3 – 6 months |Physical development of a 3-6 month old baby will start to develop they may start to have more control over |

vBetween the ages of 2 and 4 year a child will have greatly improved both their gross and fine motor skills. Most young children can jump off the ground with both feet. They can walk up and down stairs with both feet on one step and run without falling. Some children may also be able to pedal a tricycle, aim, throw and catch a large ball and walk on their tiptoes. Toddlers may also be able to follow a simple dancing rhythm. Fine motor skills of a young child between 2 and 4 years may include drawing circles and dots, drawing faces and turning a single page in a book. They are capable of using a spoon to feed themselves, can thread large beads and undo buttons. By the time a child is 4 they are capable of drawing more detailed pictures of people and can cut around an object with scissors.

Provides a Systematic Method for observing children. It assists teachers, and parents in assessing individual skill development.

Physical: To promote physical development, children will have many opportunities to engage in activities that will strengthen fine motor, gross motor and sensory skills. They will participate in art and craft activities that will allow them to refine the use of their hands and fingers for more precise movements and further develop their hand eye coordination. The children will have the opportunity to participate in several outdoor, large group gross motor activities. These activities are designed to improve coordination (when moving or standing still), balance, and spatial awareness during movement. There are also activities that will engage the children in tasting and touching to help further develop their sensory skills.

As children’s bodies become more streamlined and less top-heavy, their center of gravity shifts downwards toward the trunk. As a result, balance improves greatly, paving the way for new motor skills involving large muscles of the body. (Berk, 1999) During the preschool years until approximately age seven, fundamental motor skills develop including the locomotor skills needed to run, jump, hop, and skip. Also the object control skills such as throwing, catching, and kicking are developing. By the age of six or seven, children begin to integrate two or more of these skills. Though all children will not develop these skills at the same age, they will follow the same sequence.

A child's developmental stages are something that parents around the world can relate to. Knowing the different stages and how the stages represent themselves is key to understanding a child's behavior. Piaget's Theory of Cognitive development encompasses 4 stages. They are the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and the formal operational. Since the first and last stages are for people outside the scope of what is being defined, they will not be included. There are many differences between children at different stages, such as a 3 and a 9 year old whom would be in the middle two stages: preoperational and concrete operational.

The first stage is the sensorimotor stage. This earliest stage, occurring from birth to two years of age, involves differentiation of self from objects. The child participates in action and begins to act purposely. Then, child comes to understand that objects still remain in existence even when they are out of sight. As a limitation, this stage seems to only support thinking only by doing. The second stage is the preoperational stage, occurring roughly the time child begins speaking to possibly seven years old. During this period, intelligence is established through symbols, language use matures, and memory and imagination are developed. As a limitation, the preoperational stage lacks the concept of conversation. The third stage is the concrete operational stage, which occurs around the time a child is in first grade to possibly eleven years of age. In this stage, intelligence is demonstrated through logical and systematic manipulation of symbols related to concrete objects. As a limitation, operations are only carried out on concrete objects, and also limited two characteristics at the same time. The fourth and final stage is the formal operational stage, which happens around adolescence to adulthood. During this stage, intelligence is established through the

Observation of Julia’s gross motor skills in relationship to abilities of children 3-5 years was completed using a checklist. The checklist indicated whether or not a specific skill was observed during the week of observation. This check list indicates Julia is on target developmentally. Because she is athletic and likes to play physically, her gross motor skills are strong. Using the checklist to “determine areas in which … additional support and help” (Bentzen, 2009, p. 8) is needed, attention should focus on balance and strength. Using balance skills would produce the greatest qualifiers in her development. To do this, Julia may be taught to walk on a masking tape line, a jump rope line, or use a two-by-four balance

Fine motor skills refer to the ‘small muscles’ in the hands. Proper development of these muscles is crucial for children to succeed academically in writing and self help skills. According to the National Childcare Accreditation Council (NCAC), “Fine motor skills form an important foundation for the acquisition of many other skills, including literacy, numeracy, self-help and the ability to perform many everyday tasks” (2008). Children start to develop motor skills from birth, and the ways in which children’s muscles develop will later affect their motor function. Caretakers often look for the typical milestones that infants develop; however, infants acquire development at different rates benefiting child growth. From birth through the early grades (preschool to second grade) children are constantly using their fine motor skills to eat, dress themselves, and in social settings such as school. These skills link to infancy development and are factors in knowing how well children will succeed. The following sub-topics address fine motor development and the importance of occupational therapy interventions:

A few examples of Fine Motor activities displayed during the early years include handwriting skills, drawing pictures, making objects out of clay, and even cutting with scissors. Each of these activities is characterized by including the small-muscle developments that involve finger-thumb coordination, hand-eye coordination, and the development of muscle strength in the hand and arm. All in all, motor skills are an important part of the learning process, and as these “fundamental motor skills are learned...[they] serve as the foundation for more specialized motor skills that will be