A Byzantine Fault

Through the chaos and anarchy from the destruction of Rome emerged a powerful empire. It all began in 323CE when a young general named Constantine became the Emperor of Rome. He was quick to make some changes, including moving the imperial capital from Rome to Byzantium, but he renamed it Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire was separated from the Roman Empire’s collapse so it managed to survive and maintain order in the east.

A successful IT system is something that is composed of several different functional components to make it a whole. It takes each component to efficiently work so that the entire system runs smoothly. When one or more parts of the system are not properly working it can affect the entire IT system as a whole and render it completely vulnerable to people with malicious intentions. In this paper I will discuss the role of each component in it and shed some light as to why each is needed.

Though Justinian, a Byzantine emperor, led a unique empire, he did essentially revive Roman culture and values. Geographically, ancient Rome and the Byzantine Empire were very alike. The map in document 6 indicates the Byzantine Empire controlled North Africa, and land around the Mediterranean, which is similar to ancient Rome. Cultures usually depend on geographic locations, therefore, since the empires had very similar locations, their culture too were alike. In society, both empires adopted Christianity and trade played an important role. These geographic and cultural similarities show that the Justinian Byzantine Empire revived Rome, and prolonged it’s legacy. Ancient Rome built multiple architectural feats, such as the Colosseum. Using

The network diagram of Global Finance, Inc. (GFI) depicts the layout of the company’s mission critical systems. The company has two servers (Email and the Oracle database) which are used more than any of their other systems. GFI heavily depend on their network to be stable because of their financial systems that are running and any outage would negatively affect their operations and financial situation. Like all other business, customer satisfaction and the security of GFI’s network is crucial. In order to ensure their network and data is secure,

The Byzantines have made many great accomplishments during the middle ages. Whether you're talking about the numerous defeats they have in battles to their defenses or the impact they had on Christianity, there's no doubt of the importance of studying the Byzantines. The purpose of this paper is to explain why it is important to study the Byzantines. The Byzantines had many defeats in battles against the Persians, Avars, and Muslim Arabs.

In this topology, The distributed systems are connected at different sites to loosely coupled with gateway system members. The cached data between different sites is entire to the applications within each distributed system. If any system becomes unavailable, the rest of the installation to continues and

First off to start the assignment only requires writing about four different types of failures that can happen on a distributed system, however there are many more than just four types of failures that can happen and they are all important to learn about if you are going to work with a distributed system so that you know how to deal with and handle each one of them.

1. Consider 5 processes that need to agree on their joint state. To protect against Byzantine failures, the processes adopted a protocol as described in the slides, in particular, each process broadcasts its own state to all others, assembles the state received from others, and then broadcasts its view of the full state to all others. Suppose that, after this, process 1 receives the information provided below. Identify the process(es) that have Byzantine failure, if any, based on this data. Briefly justify your answer.

The trusted computing base (TCB) internal network in the Global Finance, Inc. Network Diagram hosts the company’s mission critical systems without which the company’s operations and financial situation would suffer. The Oracle database and email systems are among the most intensively used application servers in the company. GFI cannot afford system outages because its cash flow and financial systems heavily depend on the network stability. GFI has experienced DOS network attacks twice this year and its Oracle database and email servers had been down for a week. The recovery process required GFI to use $25,000 to restore its operations back to normal. GFI estimated the loss from these network attacks at more than $100,000 including lost customer confidence.

MPI: The fault-tolerance mechanism in MPI depends either on handling failure in the application itself or implementing regular checkpoint files.

Information will only have value if customers can access it at the right times. Availability can be affected by system errors, and malicious attacks as well as infrastructure problems. Availability is ensured by maintaining hardware as well as repairing hardware immediately when need arise. A correct functioning operating system should also be maintained in the environment free of software conflicts. Adequate communication bandwidth should also be addressed as well as preventing bottlenecks from occurrence.

Availability keeps data and resources available for authorized use, especially during emergencies or disasters. This policy will address common challenges to availability. Denial of Service this is due to intentional attacks or because of undiscovered flaws in implementation. The policy will address loss of information system capabilities because of natural disasters. The policy will also focus on equipment failures during normal use.

The article, which addresses security loopholes in modern computing environments, by Loscocco et al highlights what is and has been being done security wise in the past and how secure these implementations were and going forward what should be done to ensure in depth security which guarantees system wide security (1998). The article first explains features of secure operating system and why current systems implemented under the notion of application space security ultimately failed to safe guard the integrity and confidentiality of our assets. The article then continued with general examples of access control and cryptography implemented in the application space with no or little support from operating system and showed their vulnerabilities to attacks such as tampering, bypassing and spoofing. The article supplied real-life examples to support the evidence that building security in the application space without secure operating system is meaningless. The article raised concrete examples on mobile code security, Kerberos network authentication service, IPSEC and SSL network security protocols and firewall. The paper finally put an interesting remark that security implemented in application space without secure operating system is like “building a house in a pile of sand” and it also emphasized that secure operating system without better security on the

IEEE Std 982.1-2005 (Revision of IEEE Std 982.1-1988) - IEEE Standard Dictionary of Measures of the Software Aspects of Dependability

An industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure, optimize, tune, and heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction is called: