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A Close Look at Rheumatoid Arthritis Essay

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Pathophysiology
RA is a mediated inflammatory process that triggers an autoimmune response. The result is in the production of antibodies and inflammatory cytokines that over time destroys bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments and blood vessels (Dewing, Setter, & Slusher, 2012). Although joints are the primary areas of destruction, the inflammatory process can also affect various organs, such as heart tissue including the heart values, visceral layers of the lung and brain, spleen, sclera and larynx (Dunphy, Windland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas 2011). If RA is not treated promptly or if the patient does not respond to treatment, irrevocable bone deformity, bone erosion and immobility is often the sequelae.
Standards of treatment
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Although there are a variety of CAM options, only a few have been investigated and show promise. Tai Chi and Omega-3 fatty acid supplement are two types of CAM that show potential to improve the patient’s mental state, decrease pain, reduce inflammation and improve functional mobility.
Complementary Alternative Therapy
The National Health Institute defines complementary alternative therapy as a health care methodology used outside of or in addition to mainstream medicine (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), 2013). CAM is divided into five groups: (1) oral based product, such as supplements, (2) body manipulation, such as massage, chiropractic, reflexing and osteopathy, (3) mind and body therapies, consisting of yoga, tai chi, meditation, biofeedback and hypnosis, (4) energy touches, which includes Reiki, Gigong, and prayer; and (5) holistic approaches, such as homeopathy, naturopathy, traditional Chinese and Indian medicine. According to Efthimiou, Kukar, and Mackenzie (2009) there has been exponential growth in those who seek CAM. In 2010, data demonstrates that 40-60% of Americans use CAM to cope with medical conditions. This growth trend is attributed to increased public awareness through social media and patient’s desires to try something new and promising. Barnes and Bloom (2008) determined that individuals decided to use CAM therapies because they were frustrated by the lack of response

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