A Discover on the Ehtical Use of Transgenic or Genetically Modified Organisms

The 21st century however forecasts an astonishing increase in innovation in another direction. While previously overshadowed by its larger cousins, physics and chemistry, it seems likely that the biological sciences will steal the limelight in the future. Mapping the genome, reversing the aging process, and finding a cure for terminal illnesses, all represent primary objectives for science. Unfortunately, the ethical questions posed by innovations in biomedicine are far greater than those posed by advances in the physical sciences. Reproductive cloning is one of these innovations, and one that arguably poses the greatest threat to the world as we know it. The universal truth, blindly accepted by man for millennia, held that a human could only be born through the sexual union of a male and a female, to be exact, of an egg and a sperm. By cloning, however, a human life can be created in the laboratory. This is done by taking human DNA and inserting it into an egg cell, sans genetic material. The resultant cell is identical to the original, and can then be inserted into a uterus, either a human or an animal one, and be grown to term, to produce a baby, while circumventing nature’s means of reproduction.

As Mankind continues to advance it is pursuit of knowledge, it is faced with myriad dilemmas, particularly in the cases of cloning, stem cell experimentation, and the genetic sequencing of viruses and pathogens. The academic article “Bioterrorism, Embryonic Stem Cells, and Frankenstein” written by Patrick Guinan, discusses the morality and potential hubris of sciences continued exploration of seemingly forbidden areas, as well as humanities identity and potential desire to achieve knowledge to rival God. Guinan 's research aims to explore, question, and ultimately bring light to the potential issues that may arise from such pursuits. This research raises several questions, as well as causes of concern, which will all be addressed in this essay. The author of this article makes use of intelligent analysis, evidence from ages both recent and ancient, and well thought out discourse, in order to cause readers to consider just what ethics and morality is to science, as well as what it is to our identity as humanity as a whole.

In this research project, the question that initially guided my ideas was “How safe are Genetically Modified Organisms?" Beyond further investigation of the topic, I took the route of GM Feed to assess the animals that are being prepared for our consumption. Therefore whether there is some sort of GM contamination in the body of the animals with a GM diet, it allows me to make my own stance on the potential risks and safety of GMOs for animals and humans. With conductive research on scholarly articles and journals that investigate the study of animals fed GM Crops, I plan to explain to my audience that GM foods have more benefits

Acosta, Luis. "Restrictions on Genetically Modified Organisms: United States." Library of Congress. Congress.Gov, 01 Mar. 2014. Web. 28 Apr. 2017.

Transgenic animals have been tools of research for years. Some contest its ethical standing by arguing that the manipulation of animals for human benefit violates animal rights, treating them as property rather than living beings. As BBC news discusses, the patents placed on these newly created beings reinforces the concept of animals as property (BBC 2014). By treating transgenic animals as property, we inherently establish that not only do they not deserve rights equal or even similar to that of a human, but they are demeaned, maintaining minimal rights as were the different organisms from which the new one was created. In the event that a genetically modified creature maintains an intelligence equal to or even beyond that of a human, any attempt to use logic to reason the lower rights goes out the window. The dilemma then becomes how do we decide how much rights transgenic creations deserve. ADD MORE ABOUT OTHER ETHICAL DILEMMAS POSED. However, the bigger voices in the community have decided that their benefit to humanity outweighs any potential ethical dilemma, including the potential health risks posed to humans by the medical tools produced through transgenic organisms. Genetically engineered animals help generate nutritional supplements, create human transplantable organs, and assist with human gene therapy. Thus, in the context of medicine, genetically engineered animals are frequently (but not always) regarded as

Biological concepts and processes:- The abbreviation for genetically modified organism1 is a GMO. A GMO is an organism whose genome2 has been altered by the techniques of genetic engineering3 so that its DNA4 contains one or more genes not normally found there.

For thousands of years, the usage of livestock has been one of the primary sources of food for human consumption. From cows to goats, and even horses, humans have raised these animals in order to obtain a good source of food and fiber, as well as the increase of labor. The three most consumed livestock in the world are cattle, chicken, and pigs; out of the three, pigs are the ones that have one of the biggest environmental impacts. Like many living organisms, pigs need many sources that provide the required nutrients for their system: one of those nutrients happens to be Phosphorus. This element performs important functions in cells and organs, which leads to the formation of teeth and bones, as well as cell walls (Forsberg). Crops like corn and cereal grains naturally contain phosphorous, which is why farmers use these as the primary food source for pigs; the problem with these crops is that the kind of phosphorous produced by them is indigestible for pigs. In order to help pigs process the amount of phosphorous present in their meals, farmers feed them an enzyme called “Phytase” as a supplement, which allows the animals to break down the phosphorous, facilitating their digestion (Rou).

Humans have always lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, but it was not until a couple thousand years ago that they started to transition into an agricultural lifestyle (American Association of Cereal Chemists, 2007). In the 19th century, Gregor Mendel’s genetic theory caused an increase in harvest hybridization which gave rise to new genetic discoveries.This was the start of genetically modified organisms or GMOs. Genetic engineering is the manipulation of genetic materials in organisms leading to a mix of plants, animals and viral genes that do not occur naturally, or through crossbreeding methods creating GMOs (Non Gmo Project). There have been on going debates on the safety of GMOs for human consumption and whether they are hazardous for

Ever since the discovery of DNA, farmers have selectively bred plants in order to bring out desirable traits such a large yield or longevity. As time passed on new discoveries were made about DNA and scientist eventually became able to directly insert genes into a plant cell, permanently changing the world of agriculture. Genetically modified agriculture, or transgenic crops, are crops that have had their DNA altered via genetic engineering. Transgenic crops are often the subject of skepticism from wealthy countries such as America. In these countries the citizens are concerned transgenic crops may have a negative impact on their health and the environment. As a result transgenic crops, or any other genetically modified organism, are the subject of controversy. On one side of the debate there are the supporters who see the potential of genetic engineering and the other side there are people who fear modifying the DNA of any living creature is going too far. Although some wealthy nations refuse to grow or consume transgenic crops many developing nations can benefit from this technology. This essay is not meant to argue the moral problems or speculations associated with transgenic crops, it is intended to argue the potential benefits of transgenic crops in developing nations where there is a scarcity of quality food. In developing countries, transgenic crops can positively affect the health of citizens, the economy, and the environment of these nations.

For thousands of years, mankind has been manipulating animals and plants to find out what combinations would produce the most effective outcomes. For the last 10,000 years, humans have been involved in the domestication of crops by way of selective breeding. The domestication of crops led to the cross-breeding of plants by scientists in the 1700s. All of this led to the development of more controllable practices of genetic engineering, which allowed researchers in the 1980s to create plants with more with traits that were desired more over others. Because of this advancement in thinking and genetic technology, in the 1990’s, the first foods containing Genetically Modified Organisms were piloted to the markets. If a person checks our

When people hear "GMOs" not many people know what they are or what they do. GMO stands for is "genetically modified organism", which means that they are living creature that made from different substances inside laboratory for a certain purpose. It 's made from crossbreeding different DNAs like plants, bacteria and animals with a little bit of chemicals in the mix to make what is needed in the world. What 's needed around the world is foods and seeds to produce them. However, these types of foods or seeds might look like the common ones we purchase at the store for daily or weekly bases on the outside, but they aren 't the same inside. The reason why GMOs aren 't same as the regular ones is because unlike the them, foods like corn or broccoli that have an expiration period before they rot or they struggle to live before they reach the stores. GMO are able to survive a long time because the DNA that they 're crossbred with it gives it the ability to survive and adapt to its surroundings so it can be later consumed by the one who purchased it or it 's grown. Although, GMOs can help end world hunger and give the world a larger supply of food, which is a wonderful idea that it can, but it can cause more harm than good. The reason why it can cause more harm than good is because we don 't know what types of causes it can do. GMOs are extremely dangerous, but not only to ourselves, but globally as well. So to fully understand how GMOs affects on the world, we must see what effects

Imagine living on a farm. It is cold most of the year, but for a few months you are able to grow some corn to feed your family, and occasionally if you are lucky you can sell it in town to make some money. It is hard work for what seems like a little reward. You must often deal with insects eating many of the corn stalks, and your corn doesn’t do well in cold temperatures, so you must harvest it before the cold weather starts again. You have to plow much of your field to plant this corn, and it takes much effort to look after it. Then a man gives you some seeds. He calls it genetically modified corn. You plant it and the next year and the year after that there is no need to worry about pest, because the pesticides you used no longer

I found this book through IUCAT and it is available as an online resource. This book was written and published as the result of an OECD, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Workshop on Challenges and Risks of - What Risk Analysis is Appropriate? Options for Future Policy Making Towards Integrated Agro-Food Systems. This book covers a wide variety of risks associated with genetically engineering our food supply, including discussions on the environment, food safety and WTO agreements regarding trade and economic effects. The portion of this book I found the most interesting, as well as being material that was relevant and added

A Transgenic Organism is an organism that’s genetic material has been transformed using a technique called genetic engineering. This modification contains the mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes. When there is an insertion of genes, they are most commonly from a different species, this is known as horizontal gene transfer. Another way genes can be transferred is in nature, when exogenous DNA (DNA originating outside an organism that has been introduced into the organism) gets through the organisms cell membrane. When biologists do this artificially, they can either attach the gene to a virus, insert the gene into the nucleus, or use an electric pulse.

Throughout the course of human history people have been fascinated by the world around them. Ancient philosophers focused on the questions of human existence while early scientists searched for explanations beyond those that religion provided. Science became an outlet to provide answers to the unknown while creating further questions for future experimenters to seek information about. Simply observing and explaining nature failed to bring seekers of knowledge satisfaction. It was not enough to have knowledge, people desired to apply that knowledge, using it to create an advantage over nature. The eagerness to control nature sparked one of humankind’s largest debates. Pre and post enlightenment thinkers alike questioned the role of science and whether or not it should continue on the path of being master to nature. In the modern world, science still faces the same debate especially within the realm of medicine. Modern medicine has greatly increased life expectancy by decreasing the number of communicable disease outbreaks, but still doctors and scientist want to go further. Science and medicine have come to a point where it is possible to make changes to the human genome and use stem cells to create other cell types. While these advances have great potential they are being experimented with in ways that seem unnatural and wobble between what is ethical or unethical. With expansions in genetic research and our growing understanding of the human genome and genes in general,