A Fateful Night: Hip Hops Meteoric Rise due to the New York Blackout of 1977 In the 1960s and 1970s America found itself in a tumultuous period as growing discontent with the Vietnam War, economic downturn, and Civil Rights occupied the foreground of the national dialogue. The combinations of social, racial, and economic upheaval the country experienced was no better demonstrated than in America’s grandest of cities, New York. Within this microcosm, the problems that many of the nation’s older urban centers experienced as socio-economic and racial lines were re-drawn, were most exacerbated in historically Black and Latino communities. In this case most notably in the South Bronx. Policies enacted within South Bronx community in the name of …show more content…
In this case the powder keg can be attributed to a continued systemic marginalization of the South Bronx minority community as well as the negative impacts of economic policy implemented to combat New York’s fiscal problems. The deterioration of the South Bronx community led by development projects like the Cross Bronx expressway, forced wealthier middle class families out of the community essentially ghettoizing the South Bronx. The loss of important revenue for the local government meant a major overhaul of the services offered to the community. These communities were further ravaged by budget cuts caused by New York City’s financial situation. The budget cuts ultimately led to a decrease in law enforcement and a rise in crimes and gangs. Within this spiral of decay and desperation the 1977 New York power outage was an outlet for pent up frustration felt within the community at the government’s negligence of their needs, and like the thunder strike that caused it, the outage would electrify the hip-hop world. Opportunistic DJ’s throughout the South Bronx took advantage of the disorder and headed to the stores to retrieve Technics 1200 turntables and Gemini 626 mixers.1 The equipment represented luxuries available to only a few successful DJ’s in the community, however, its availability to a greater audience following the …show more content…
In an area where everything only seemed to decay, hip hop grew organically from a desire to be heard, and people involved in its early creation often times provide the best source of information. Anecdotal evidence from early adopters present a first-person source of the developments that occurred during the 1977 New York power outage that ultimately led to the dissemination of hip-hop music into the cultural mainstream. The claims are corroborated by an increase in hip-hop interest in the summer of 1977 and the subsequent release of the first commercially successful hip-hop single in 1979. However, ultimately it was the anger and frustration felt by minority groups in the South Bronx, due to the detrimental social and economic policies implemented by the New York city government, that created an atmosphere where wide scale looting and arson during the 1977 New York power outage, could provide a means for future DJ’s to get a hold of the necessary equipment to master their
Then on a spontaneous occurrence, racial exclusion and divide began to change as the 1970’s hit. Hip hop emerged on the East Coast in the Bronx in the early 1970’s and gained popularity as conflict increased between gangs. From the novella Can’t Stop Won’t Stop, Jeff Chang describes that gangs would compete through lyrics and song, “The song climaxed with a promise: ‘We are gonna take you higher with Ghetto Brother Power!’” (Chang, 106). This was vital to the establishment of hip hop culture as this conflict between gangs influenced a yearning for competition, thus allowing for hip hop to be explored and practiced. While these gangs may have been a battleground for turf wars and anarchy, hip hop was bringing peace and unity amongst the Bronx population. John Surico, a writer for Vice News, interviews the director (Shane Nicholson) of Rubble Kings (gang violence and birth of hip hop culture) and asks the director why he wanted to tell the story about gangs in the late 1900’s. About gang violence in the 1970’s, the director stated, “I lost my best friend in 1992, and for everyone involved, we wanted revenge. He was murdered, and there was no rhyme or reason for it… These guys chose peace over violence… That was not the norm of the day” (Surico, 2015). It can be seen that hip hop changed the view of gang members which is surprising despite the fact that revenge in the Bronx was highly common. On the contrary, the gangs were redirecting their violent
In his short overview of the origination of the Sugar Hill Gang in the mid 1970’s, the author makes it apparent the hip-hop grew out of necessity due to lack of funding in the art programs in New York City school system. This neoclassical movement of the mid 1970’s grew like a wildflower that sprouts through the cracks of a modern day concrete jungle.
Reggae music had a direct impact on the development of hip-hop music. Both styles of music emerged from the dancehall, with lyrics containing social and political message. “Reggae started as ‘sufferah’s’ music in poor Jamaican villages. Inside gritty dancehalls, selectors spun scratchy sides, called ‘specials,’ and MC’s boasted, talked nonsense and criticized political, cultural and economic oppression” (Havlock). Reggae emerged out of the island culture of Jamaica and the “poor man’s party,” while hip-hop music emerged in New York City, specifically the Bronx, in the early 1970s.
Hip Hop was birthed in the neighborhood, where young people gathered in parks, on playgrounds, and neighborhood street corners, to verbalize poetry over spontaneous sounds and adopted melodies. Hip Hop was not just the music; it was also a way for the young to show their skills in break dancing, gymnastic dance style that was valued, and athleticism over choreographed fluidity. Hip hop was also fashion such as: hats, jackets, gold chains, and name-brand sneakers. Hip Hop was a form of graffiti, to a new way of expression that engaged spray paint on the subway walls as the canvas. In addition, today’s hip hop have changed as where the DJ was once is now the producer as the key music maker, and the park is now a studio.
Mainstream political leaders gave little or no discussion of inner city challenges. Mainly, in the 1960’s, the United States transitioned from legal segregation to a more racially open society. Literature from the Harlem Renaissance began to bring up issues that were not addressed professionally. People began to express how they felt about the political and social situation of America in violent terms, such as riots. Literature after the 1970’s was mainly influenced by the Civil Rights Movement. Literature from both time periods, The Harlem Renaissance and after the 1970’s, encouraged people to take a stand against what is right. An uproar of social order and political chaos began in American as undertreated African Americans began realizing what the future needs to hold, for them and their
In this article, the speaker must be an expert in politics, ethnicity and the music industry. There is a linkage between the above fields hence the speaker must have had a superlative background on these issues. The audience targeted by this literature were seemingly music enthusiasts to be educated on understanding what Hip-Hop entails and hoped to achieve this as it was established. The subject was Hip-Hop as a music genre that was largely developed by African American men to express their plight on injustice and oppression. The principal issue was how Hip-Hop has been used as a form of resistance and need for deliverance of the African Americans.
To begin, McBride elaborates on the birth of “modern” hip hop in the Bronx. He claims that because “New York City was nearly broke” (McBride 790), arts funding was slashed and children could not “squeal on [their clarinets] and drive [their] parents nuts”. Naturally, McBride figured that teenagers like Afrika Bambaataa and others took to hip hop music and disc jockeying as a different, ingenious way to get under parents’ skin. To some extent, this may be true; however, another possible source of the music could have been to escape the daily struggles of living within the city. It is known that in the 1970s “arson fires, rampant crime and poverty pushed [Bronx] residents out in droves” (NY Times 1). Including this factoid would have tied together
Hip-hop culture began to develop in the south Bronx area of New York City during the 1970s. It had a significant influence in the music industry. Hip-hop music generally includes rapping, but other elements such as sampling and beatboxing also play important roles. Rapping, as a key part in the hip-hop music, takes different forms, which including signifying, dozen, toast and jazz poetry. Initially, hip-hop music was a voice of people living in low-income areas, reflecting social, economic and political phenomenon in their life [1]. As time moves on, hip-hop music reached its “golden age”, where it became a mainstream music, featuring diversity, quality, innovation and influence [2]. Gangsta rap, one of the most significant innovations in
The hip-hop culture began in the streets of New York City during the 1970’s and has gone through tremendous changes up until now. Hip-Hop consists of four elements: rap, graffiti, break-dancing, and the disc jockey. In this paper, I intend to fully explain the evolution of rap music, from its infancy to the giant industry it is today.
1.) In this class we have examined the sociological forces that created the social conditions from which Hip-Hop emerged in the Bronx. Drawing upon Chang, as well as videos (Bronx is Burning, Flying Cut Sleeves etc.), discuss the sociological roots of rap. Specifically, what social forces (for example: state policies, global economic trends, technological advancements, community characteristics as well as race, class, gender politics) were present and facilitated the development of Hip-Hop?
It has been 30 years since Hip-Hop was first “introduced” to the world. Whether it be fashion or politics, this musical genre/culture plays a huge role in everyday life and has generated billions of dollars across the globe. In this paper I will be discussing when, where, and how Hip-Hop was created, “old school Hip-Hop, “Hip-Hop’s Golden Age”, “Hardcore rap” “Gangsta rap”, “G-Funk”, 21st century Hip-Hop, and how Hip-Hop affects society.
Hip-Hop is a cultural movement that emerged from the dilapidated South Bronx, New York in the early 1970’s. The area’s mostly African American and Puerto Rican residents originated this uniquely American musical genre and culture that over the past four decades has developed into a global sensation impacting the formation of youth culture around the world. The South Bronx was a whirlpool of political, social, and economic upheaval in the years leading up to the inception of Hip-Hop. The early part of the 1970’s found many African American and Hispanic communities desperately seeking relief from the poverty, drug, and crime epidemics engulfing the gang dominated neighborhoods. Hip-Hop proved to be successful as both a creative outlet for
Hip Hop music became one of the primary constructive outlets for Black Americans to release their thoughts, pain, and anguish about the injustices and mistreatments of Black people. Even though most of the pioneers in Hip-Hop either were not born in America or are 2nd generation immigrants that proves that common oppression can lead to unity. The fact that that these individuals were impoverished and felt marginalized is what brought them together and lead to the culture today. Deep rooted racism in the United States kept the genre of music suppressed for a while before it was allowed to even be played on the airwaves. Now, in 2011, the main consumers of byproducts of hip hop are White Americans.
The term ‘hip-hop’ refers to a complex culture compromising of four elements: deejaying, rapping, rhyming, graffiti painting, and b-boying. These elements incorporate hip-hop dance, style, and attitude. “Hip-hop originated in the primarily African American economically depressed South Bronx section of New York City in the late 1970s” (Tate, pg.1). Hip-hop is a culture of fashion, language, music, movement, visual art and expression. The genre of hip-hop comes with a very significant history and evolution with its own heroes, legends, triumphs and downfalls. “Real” hip-hop is often stressed in the 21st century due to what is being passed off as hip hop, and it is often made clear that just because one takes a hip hop class, or listens to hip-hop music, does not mean they conform to the true immersion of hip-hop culture. Therefore, “real” hip-hop encapsulates the true essence of hip-hop culture, untarnished by impurities such as rapacious record labels, and vapid, materialistic subject matter. Due to the background of how and where hip-hop first emerged, the African American culture often feel responsible to protect what is for them, and to protect the culture of hip-hop entirely. Boyd states that even though hip-hop as a culture was created as a social movement, the “commercializaiton” of hip-hop demonstrated in film and media construes it to another form of urbanization and popularity”(Boyd, 79). However, in the two movies being examined in this essay (Save the Last Dance
From the beats to the lyrics, the current generation of youth is engrossed in hip-hop culture, tending to idolize the artist behind the songs. Since the 1970s, hip-hop has influenced American culture tremendously. In the past, hip-hop held a central focus around inequality, empowerment and overcoming hardships. Today, hip-hop talks more about sex, money, a male dominant social standing, and drugs. Hip-hop, from then to now, has drifted to the darker side of the social spectrum. The majority of today’s youth were subconsciously thrust into a time when the darkness of hip-hop was nearing its climax. Young African American males