A Survey Of Theories Of International Migration

Human migration can be influenced by various different stressors, whether it be by choice, in hopes of starting a new adventure, or by force, fleeing brutal persecution of a certain threat. Each individual has a unique story, all coming from different backgrounds and places around the world. However governing and political bodies often need certain labels and categories in order to define such a diverse set of people. Such legal definitions seem unnecessary or extensive due to the limitations they pose onto one’s identity, but they are a byproduct of sketching lines on the landscape and securing borders, protecting those who inhabit and belong.

Migration policies are often designed with the sole objective of influencing international migration by either restricting or encouraging circular migration, immigration or emigration(Ripsman & Paul, 2010). Open border policies have contributed to the uncontrolled to the flow of illegal immigrants into countries and in turn generating challenges to the host countries. The fundamental basis for arguments has been whether open immigration policy or restricted immigration policy

Patricia B. Strait’s article, “When Societies Collide: Part Three: Finding the Best Fit Immigration Model” (2011), showcases multiple immigration models for countries to choose from. Countries look at its current factors to determine which model is appropriate. No model is necessarily the best, but instead, Strait emphasizes finding the most fitting model for a country's historical, cultural, demographic, and economic prerequisites.

Migration is not a new phenomenon throughout the history of human, but the issue of migration has become more of a problem since the emerging of modern states. The distinction between immigrants and local citizens has become official with the emergence of nation-state authority and the ideas of sovereignty, citizenship and nationality. From the 19th century, the control of passport and visa has made the borders between immigrants and citizens even clearer and more identified. Today, as there are more restrictions on entering a country, states have to deal with regulating policies for immigration to control the influx of people

To begin it is helpful to understand that the word “migrant” is a rather contested concept, one that changes over time, and varies depending on the criteria used to assign it.(Raghuram & Erel, 2014, p.133)

The nature of western migration was good and bad. With out western migration America wouldn’t be what it is now. But if we had found a different way to deal with the Indians it could have happened with less blood shed. We could have upheld our part of the treats with the Indians. We could have found a way to live with them instead of kicking them out. Then we would have been able to use the knowledge they have since they lived there for so long. But the increase in western migration kicked the indians out of their land.

From the micro-level to the macro-level globalization has transformed the world into a smaller place with constant interactions occurring at every moment between nations, institutions, groups, and individuals. And with this prevalent interconnectivity, migration between the Global North and the Global South has been a controversial consequence of this global integration (Hinojosa, 2015). For this reason one cannot ignore the importance and impact of migrant populations in the country they settle in, and in the countries of origin.

With scholars such as Kerry L. Preibisch (The Other Side of el Otro Lado: Mexican Migrant Women and Labor Flexibility in Canadian Agriculture), Ronaldo Munck (Globalization, Migration and Work: Issues and Perspectives), and Parrenas R. S. (Servants of Globalization: Migration and Domestic Work) all argue that the power the employer has in selecting which migrant workers they want based on nationality or sex. In turn, has created a competition among the labor-supply of countries. And between the workers themselves based on social hierarchy, which both race and gender are prominent. However, these articles perspectives have not adequately addressed the issue of the relationship between how labour migration and the current economic policy in effect by the Canadian government the CSAWP has on migrant workers. My paper addresses the issue of migrant’s workers face in the agricultural sector in Ontario but with particular attention with regards to the recent changes in economic policies set by the Canadian government. Specifically, in my paper, I will be looking at the challenges of migrating to Canada, and the lack of fundamental rights of becoming a Canadian citizen, to show the difficulties that migrants face of being less mobile today than in the past. I will discuss the power that employers have the choice of picking the migrant worker that they want in Canada. The type of labour mobility they have within the workforce in Canada and juxtapose them against the current economic policies enforced by the Canadian Government to reveal the previously misunderstood connections between migrant workers and the challenges they face on a daily

The theoretical Perspective that is best able to understand immigrants and the role of immigrants in a society is Structural Functionalism. Structural Functionalism explains society as a structure with interrelated parts that work to maintain stability.(Durkheim,1893). Structural Functionalism looks at society as a whole through the function of its various elements such as traditions norms and institutions (Subedi, 2017). Social Institutions in general provide many important functions for our society (Mooney, Knox, & Schacht, 2007). The family for example provides the role of nurturing and socializing children while education allows society to gain and pass down knowledge and skills (Mooney, Knox, & Schacht, 2007).

In this respect, it is worthy of mention that such a situation with the migration is the result of the recent trend in the world economy which is characterized by processes which are generally called globalization. The process of globalization is overwhelming and involves practically all countries of the world with rare exceptions which

Migration in developing countries is often seen as a way of development through the stimulation of global currency within the country. Specifically throughout the Philippines, it is more common for migrant workers to be female, resulting in the overall structure and dynamics of these families to change. In the novel, Servants of Globalization, author Rhacel Parreñas addresses how the pre-existing structure of gender expectations and unequal employment opportunities for male and females abroad influence the overall gender patterns and impacts of migration from the Philippines, ultimately affecting the dynamics of families as they become transnational and challenging the pre-existing gender ideologies within the countries.

Although Immigration is a complex topic with many different factors, the most common reason for immigration is poverty and the hopes of building a new future elsewhere. In the past migration was largely caused by the fore-mentioned issue of poverty, social strife, war, or other political conflicts. As of today these things are still issues and in some cases political asylum does play part in immigration decisions. Globalization is defined as the tendency for business, technologies, or philosophies to spread throughout the world. Globalization is also a major factor in the decisions made before immigration, often times families and friends will eventually re-unite in one region in order to remain together. Living in a more technical world with an advanced society has brought us to the point we are at today, a nearly global community with more in common than in any century before. With the beginning of modern technology in the 1900’s came a more closely knit world, with more communication than what was seen in the past.

In the Second Edition of Servants of Globalization: Migration and Domestic Work, Rhacel Parreñas examines all of the challenging aspects of the lives of migrant Filipino domestic workers. Throughout the interviews that are included in this novel, the author was able to analyze different cases filled with personal struggle and familial support using the perspectives of many determined women across the diaspora, mainly focusing on those to travel to work in Western Countries. In this paper, I will briefly summarize the first three chapters, bringing to light the most important aspects the Parreñas included. I will then discuss the methodology used in her convincing global ethnography, before I include both the advantages and disadvantages to

Fun fact:There is also different types of migration. “Economic migration” is when people are migrating to a country that has a higher percent rate of getting a job. “Social migration” is when you are migrating to start a new life or to live closer to your family. “Political migration” is when people are moving to escape corrupted government or civil war. “Environmental migration” is when natural disasters destroy homes and people try to start a new life in a new country.

International migration today is closely associated with state sovereignty. States would engage in international cooperation through a wide range of transnational issues, but when it comes to immigrants and refugees, nation states claim that the sovereign right to control one’s own boarders to be the primary responsibility (Sasson 1996). Even if cooperation were recognized as useful or necessary, in properly managing