ACAVIR The most important adverse effect of abacavir is a unique and potentially fatal hypersensitivity syndrome. Abacavir hypersensitivity occurs in 2-9% of patients The cause is a genetically mediated immune response linked to both the HLA-B*5701 locus and the M493T allele in the heat-shock locus Hsp70-Hom41 . This is one of the strongest pharmacogenetic associations ever described. In one white population, the combination of these two markers occurred in 94.4% of cases and 100 cells/ml, hematologic effects occur in 2%–14% of patients; however, the incidence is much greater among patients with CD4+ cell counts 250 cells/mm3, especially during pregnancy. Liver problems can occur at any time during treatment, but the risk is highest during the first 18 weeks of treatment50. A study done in United states reported that individuals with a higher CD4+ cell count …show more content…
Dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia,nightmares, and headache tend to diminish with continued therapy; dosing at bedtime may also be helpful. Psychiatric symptoms such as depression, mania, and psychosis have been observed and may necessitate discontinuation. Skin rash has also been reported early in therapy in up to 28% of patients; the rash is usually mild to moderate in severity and typically resolves despite continuation. Rarely, rash has been severe or life-threatening. Other potential adverse reactions are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, crystalluria, elevated liver enzymes, and an increase in total serum cholesterol by 10–20%.High rates of fetal abnormalities, such as neural tube defects, occurred in pregnant monkeys exposed to efavirenz in doses roughly equivalent to the human dosage; several cases of congenital anomalies have been reported in humans. So efavirenz should be avoided in pregnant women, particularly in the first trimester. Adverse reactions associated with Protease inhibitors
Head ache and steatorrhea are the common adverse effects encountered due to administration of Ezetimide. Raised liver function results and muscle pain were found as infrequent adverse effects. It was also observed hypersensitivity reactions rarely in certain groups. Since Rhabdomyolysis and Myalgia are reported it is regulated to include warnings on the label of Ezetimibe
There are some side effects of this drug, which your doctor may explain you at time of prescribing or you can also read it in a leaflet that comes along. If you
As a child, Artemis asked her father, Zeus, to grant her six wishes on her third birthday. Zeus, being the father he was, happily agreed. She wished to be allowed to live her life chaste, without the complications of marriage, to have a bow and arrow like her brother, Apollo’s, a hunting costume, the job of bringing light into the world, sixty nymphs to be her companions, and all the mountains on the earth to live on.
Varicella, or more commonly known as chickenpox, is a highly contagious virus that causes itchy red bumps and fluid-filled blisters. It mostly occurs in children younger than 10 and is estimated that only 10% of Americans older than 15 have never had it (CDC, Chickenpox (Varicella). Symptoms include a high fever, loss of appetite, dehydration, intense headaches, and malaise. Once an individual is infected, you are contagious two days before the rash even appears on the skin. You stay contagious until all of the lesions have scabbed and healed over. The infection can be milder as a child, but in many causes it has been severe and even fatal in adults.
In most controlled clinical studies, the incidence of adverse reactions in individuals that were treated with famotidine was identical to those on placebo. Yet some adverse reactions seen at a rate above 1% and that may have been caused by the drug are: headache 4.7%, dizziness 1.3%, constipation 1.2% and diarrhea 1.7% (PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals, 2015). PD-RX Pharmaceuticals, Inc. have also reported mood swings, agitation, confusion, depression, irritability, hallucinations and insomnia in some rare cases. These reactions of this type on the central nervous system occur more often in elderly patients and those with renal failure. Seldom dermatologic reactions have occurred, although there have been reports of urticaria, pruritus, and alopecia. Other adverse reactions whose causality is not well established include myalgia, tinnitus, dysgeusia, paraesthesia, flushing, fever, fatigue, and palpitations (PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals,
The health issues listed here are just a glance at what this drug can do to one’s health.
Society has benefited from vaccines for more than two hundred years. Yet the path to whether or not to vaccinate has not been an easy decision for all. Vaccines against diphtheria, polio, pertussis, measles, mumps and rubella, and more recent accompaniments of hepatitis B and chicken pox, have given humans potent immune protectors to zone off unwanted sickness. Through this research, I will explore the following questions: What are the reasons for this new law? Who should decide whether or not children should get vaccinated? What are the possible side-effects from vaccines? And what are the risks of not vaccinating? I chose these inquiries because as a mother of a 6-year old, these were significant questions that I too wanted answers; to maintain
The Varicella Virus is a common illness among children under the age of twelve, is a contagious virus. That gives the patient flu-like symptoms that start with a fever, sore throat, absence of appetite, headache, and body covered with an itchy red blister. The virus can spread airborne anyone infected with the virus through the respiratory tract from sneezing or coughing. Sometimes people can get the chickenpox through direct contact those infected with it through mucus, saliva, or fluid from blisters. As a child I recall dealing with chickenpox to the point that my whole body felt like I rolled all over in poison ivy that drove me nut but didn’t fully understood what was happen to my body. Therefore didn’t understand how serious this virus
Influenza remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and incurs substantial economic costs due to hospitalization – particularly for the elderly aged 65 years or more, and among those with high-risk medical conditions. Albeit influenza vaccination is considered the most effective control measure for both healthy populations and the chronically ill, it is less effective in the elderly and immunocompromised patients.
In larger doses, one can expect more profound changes in this category, along with edema, a condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body. This antidiuretic effect may explain the rapid weight gain and is probably why athletes taking these compounds can rapidly lose enormous quantities of weight immediately before competitions. Replacement dosages in women can cause virilization, as indicated by enlargement of the clitoris and increased sexual body hair. Menstrual dysfunction is also common. In children and adolescents, there may be disturbances in growth and sexual development.
This drug has many negative qualities, but also has several good qualities. The indications for this drug is to relieve swelling and pain associated with different arthritis’ acute pain, and menstrual cramps. “The contraindications of this drug includes patients who have known hypersensitivity to celecoxib, aspirin, or other NSAIDs, demonstrated allergic-type reactions to sulfonamides, experienced asthma, urticaria, or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAID, treatment of perioperative pain in the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, and patients with active gastrointestinal bleeding” (Waknine para. 2 ). The FDA has put out several warning about this product, which include an increased risk of myocardial infarction and a stroke. The continued use of this product also causes problems involving the kidneys, liver, and stomach. The increased uses of NSAIDs are said to break down the lining of certain internal organs. The drug even appeared on the advisory list to be taken off the market because of the serious effects that can result from this. “During the Pre-marketing Controlled Arthritis Trials, the adverse reactions that were seen in the body were Constipation, diverticulitis, dysphagia, eructation, esophagitis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gastroesophageal reflux, hemorrhoids, hiatal hernia, melena, dry mouth, stomatitis, tenesmus, vomiting, Aggravated hypertension, angina pectoris, coronary artery disorder, myocardial infarction, Allergy aggravated, allergic reaction, chest pain, cyst NOS, edema generalized, face edema, fatigue, fever, hot flushes, influenza-like symptoms, pain, peripheral pain, Leg cramps, hypertonia, hypoesthesia, migraine, paresthesia, vertigo, Deafness, tinnitus, Palpitation, tachycardia, Hepatic function abnormal, SGOT increased, SGPT increased, BUN increased, CPK increased, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia,
Adverse reactions to drugs are common and almost any drug can cause an adverse reaction.
Immunization is the safest and most effective Public Health tool available for preventing disease and death, thanks to vaccinations many of the infectious diseases that whipped past generations such as Polio, Measles, Rubella, Diphtheria and Tetanus are rarely seen anymore.
Adverse reactions to this medication are migraine, speech disorders, rhinitis, sinusitis, hyperglycemia, elevated liver function, elevated serum creatinine level, pancytopenia, bronchitis, dyspnea, toxic epidermal necrolysis, anaphylaxis, elevated creatine kinase, generalized pain, and infection. Nursing considerations with this medication is to have the patient swallow the whole tablet and not to chew. Watch for aspiration while watching the patient take the medication. Educate the patient about the medication and inform them to notify a physician if bleeding
”I hope that some day the practice of producing cowpox in human beings will spread over the world - when that day comes, there will be no more smallpox” (Edward Jenner). Vaccines have transformed the way that we live in today’s society because there are many different types of vaccines that can prevent you from catching diseases. Diseases that were once so easy to get are now so easy to prevent just by the use of vaccines. Before vaccines were invented, people had no hope for saving themselves from the suffering and even death from a contagious disease. Fortunately, they found something that could give people hope. The creation of vaccines, dates back to the late seventeen hundreds. Edward Jenner was the creator of