General Information Technology
Supplementary Material to
Teacher Resource Guide
Prepared by
Name: Mohamed Ismail Mohamed Nifras
Reg No: 2011/CSC/010
Index No:
Coordinated by
Dept of Computer Science,
University of Jaffna.
Table of Contents
Computer Fundamentals
Introduction to Computers
A computer is a man-made, programmable electronic machine that can store, retrieve, and process data according to a given set of instructions. Whatever information given to a computer is termed input. The computer input typically comprises of two things: Data and Instructions. The data are the facts, which are to be processed, and the instructions describe how the computer should process the data. The data which has been converted or organized into
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A number of different dimensions can be used to classify computers into different types. Traditionally, the size and the capabilities of computers are used as the main criterion and the computers are classified into the following types.
PC - The personal computer (PC) is small in size and is designed for general use by a single person.
Desktop - A PC that is not designed for portability. A desktop computer is typically set up in a permanent location.
Laptops (Notebooks) - A portable computer that includes a battery to provide power for some specific period of time.
Palmtop - More commonly known as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs
Components of a Computer System
By considering the functions performed by the various components. The main hardware components of a modern computer system are the central processing unit (CPU), the main memory, the secondary storage and the input-output devices.
System Unit
The system unit, or the cabinet houses most of the essential components of the computer system such as the power supply, the motherboard, the CPU chip, specialized chips, the system clock, RAM, ROM, expansion boards and bus lines.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The central processing unit performs the majority of calculations and controls the operation of a computer. CPUs are rated by the speed at which they can execute instructions
Control Unit (CU)
The
Case: A case is where all the computer components are mounted; the case protects the components from physical damage and also protects it from static electricity.
Workstation: It is a special computer designed for technical or scientific applications.Indeed it is primarily used by one person
CPU stands for Central Processing Unit and it’s the brain of the computer. CPU executes instructions that enable the operating system and application software to run on a system. Inside the CPU we can find three main components which are the ALU, Control Unit and memory unit. ALU stands for Arithmetic and Logic Unit and performs calculations like addition, multiplication, division and subtraction. It also compares results using “greater than”, “less than” or “equal to”. Control Unit controls the operation of the memory unit, processor and input/output units. Memory unit is where all data that the CPU may need to process is stored. The data is stored in the memory in binary form.
Answer: hardware and software is the core of the computer without it computer cannot perform its task. The PC contains various electronic components that we are able to see when we open it. By only pc by itself cannot perform their task on their own. Our PC needs something to get instructed to set it on where we need software to perform it. There are six different component of hardware to function the computer .The first one is central processing unit(CPU )it is the brain of the
Server: The server acts as the main computer. It had high end hardware just like the workstations, but
The CPU is housed in the motherboard is considered the heart of the computer, it controls everything. CPU stands for central processing unit; it is one of the main components of a computer. The CPU or more commonly known as the processor is electronic circuitry which follows the instructions of the hardware and software on the computer, it effectively is a very efficient calculator carrying out arithmetic, logical, control and input/output operations.
Processor (or Central Processor Unit, CPU) is a computer brain and has the function to fetch, decode and execute and is located in the motherboard. By placing a CPU in a wrong place it brakes.
Workstation- the computer on your desk, this can extend to other devices that provide access to computing resources.
The function of the processors is to run programs and send and receive signals from the connected devices to keep computer running. Processors handle all the data and runs all the programs that allow you to complete your tasks.
|Processor |A piece of a computer, such as the central processing unit, that preforms |
It executes instructions. The major companies that produce microprocessor for IBM and Macintosh computers are Motorola and Intel. Microprocessor requires a primary storage, a system clock and power supply to function as processor. Some families of microprocessor chips are used by quite a lot of types of PCs. The internal components of a standard microprocessor are Arithmetic logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), cache memory, internal buses and registers. The basic characteristics of a microprocessor are clock speed, instruction set and bandwidth. [Source: (Mcqsetscom,
Processor: Processor is very important hardware in a computer. It allows the operating system to run in a computer. It gives out the command to other programs
A) A computer is a device which is a combination of different important elements,of which few are defined below:
1. Software – is to a computer as brain is to a human body. Hardware is functioned by the software. It collects data, organizes them and carries procedures.
The most obvious hardware component is the computer case. The case is where size comes into play. A bigger case allows more room for components. A bigger case is most often used for servers. For basic home computing needs, a small or mid-sized case is most common. Cases also