3.Federation Model III /Representative Model
There would be no individual membership to the federation, but any qualified person can take membership with any one of the national level psychology associations. One can hold membership with more than one association, without having any implication on the voting power. The federation will be formed by the representatives of the national level psychology associations, which forms the EC. Voting power within the EC will be decided depending on the strength of each constituent national association. A similar model exists with the psychological societies of the Czech Republic (CR). Instead of Federation, the Czech Republic have The Union of Psychologists Associations (UPA-CR) which came into being
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For example, during the first term, the President will be from Association-A, the president elect from Association B, Secretary General from Association C and the treasurer from Association D. Similarly, the representation to different international psychology associations can also planned in rotation.
Advantages: 1.There is no need to invoke any change in the existing bylaws of the associations. 2. The bylaw of the federation can be framed by the representatives of each of the associations with the approval of the general body of the constitutent associations. 3. Internationally, the number of representatives to the forums would go up and Indian Psychologists as a group would yield more power. 4. Since there will be more than one representative at the international forums, the transition will be smoother..
Disadvantages are as follows: 1.Each association may not take initiative to come together to form a strong association. 2. Change in the organogram of the associations in the functioning of the federation may not be appreciated by the office bearers of the associations. 3. The rotation of representation to international union or societies can be a bone of
Canadian Federalism emerged in 1867 and brought together disparate colonies under one centralized government. Initially, the colonies were opposed to the thought of federalism, as many believed they would lose their independence by giving up certain powers to a national government. The central government would control defense, foreign affairs, money, postage, and taxation; Furthermore, numerous colonists preferred dealing with London, as opposed to Canada East or Canada West. The colonies additionally did not feel a great attachment to the people of other colonies. French Canadians felt no desire to become a minority in a larger English-speaking majority country. Similarly, the maritime provinces had closer economic links to Britain and the Eastern United States than to the Canadas. The push towards federalism though took root after the threat of annexation by the United States, and the idea of Manifest Destiny; which led to the system of government that Canada utilizes today. Although, advocates of federalism argue that it promotes unity, and financial benefit, opponents believe the time-consuming process and special favoritism to Central Canada is a drawback to Federalism.
The Untied States of America is a country built on freedom, and the writers of the constitution made sure that this was guaranteed to all U.S citizens in our constitution. After the colonial Army won the Revolutionary war, a constitution called the Articles of Confederation was put into place, but it had many problems within it. Because of these problems a constitutional convention was called in 1787 to revise these articles, but instead an entirely new constitution was written. At the constitutional convention, a group called the anti-federalists opposed the constitution because they wanted to keep state sovereignty and limit the federal government. Another group called the federalists wanted to ratify the constitution because they believed that a stronger federal government was necessary for the new nation. Although some may say that the new constitution did not protect against tyranny, through a system of federalism, separation of powers and checks and balances the United States constitution prevented any form of tyranny.
Divided government is a term used in the United States to describe the situation of one party ruling the presidency and the other party ruling Congress. Divided government occurs due to the executive branch and the legislative branch being voted separately. Two factors that increase the odds of a divided government are independent voters and split ballots. All this leads to the public resenting the bickering and little accomplished.
“American federalism was the embodiment of political tolerance and decentralization of – the expression of the liberal conviction that society can manage itself and needs no central plan,” said Llewellyn H. Rockwell. Federalism is the most important principle because it helps build a better foundation for a better government while also creating a division of powers. In this essay, I will be explaining what federalism is, how this newer type of government ideal has been incorporated into the U.S. and the advantages and disadvantages of federalism in the U.S. government.
The disadvantages are weakness of central government it makes it unable to enforce laws or collect taxes, also lack of unity and common laws.
Federalism is a fervently debated idea in which two parties, the Federalists, and the Anti-Federalists, argue whether or not the Constitution should be ratified. The main writers of the Federalists Papers include three Founding Fathers by the names of James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. The Federalists wrote of the need for a strong central government and a constitution, however, the Anti-Federalists sought for a guarantee of freedom with a Bill of Rights. The Constitution required a Bill of Rights in order to limit the large authoritative power of central government and to protect the voice of the common man from oppression. Federalist Paper Number 84, written, by Alexander Hamilton, focused on the concept of a Constitution and the containment of a Bill
Democracy in the United States: A comprehensive look at the Pros and Cons of a Federalist Society and Individual Freedoms.
The process of decentralization redefines structures, procedures and practices of governance to be closer to the citizenry and to make them more aware of the costs and benefits; it is not merely a movement of power from the central to the local government. It is the central government has to make some effort for the enactment of legislation.
In late eighteenth-century America, the ideal form of government was widely contested. When the American colonies were under British rule, they were subject to the almost-tyrannical British government, in which they were not fully represented. After the colonies achieved independence, two main political factions emerged: the Republicans and the Federalists. The Republicans, scarred by the overbearing British government, advocated for a weak federal government with individual state governments, which prevented the concentration of power in a single party and promoted a form of more direct representation. However, this system proved to be ineffective, for the federal government’s lack of power was dangerous and inefficient. The Federalists, on the other hand, supported a strong federal government. Cognizant of the negative implications of local state governments, the Federalists published a series of essays during 1787 and 1788 that supported the stronger national government that resulted from the Constitutional Convention. In “Federalist no. 51”, James Madison, a key component of the Federalist movement, described the role of government and its relationship with the people. He wrote,
Members meet at an international convention to elect officers, to evaluate the constitution, and to reinforce inter-union ties throughout the exchange of ideas. Elections of officers for international union office are usually held every five years. The five area
There are many advantages to becoming part of an ACO. Specifically for our organization, being a part of an ACO would allow us to share business risks and costs among members of the ACO. This would ultimately dilute our risks and costs and allow us to operate in a more stable financial environment. Another specific advantage to our organization is the increase in market share as a result of becoming part of a larger group. These changes alone would allow us to improve our risk levels, reduce costs, and increase revenues.
The American Psychology Association (APA) represents the field of psychology and practitioners in the United States. The association has developed a set of rules and guidelines, called ethical codes that are used to maintain correct conduct of psychologists, therapists, counselors and other professionals.
To have a strategic advantage one must be willing to go against the status quo in making decisions. Cooperative federalism will continue to be important in solving problems national problems by establishing principles and boundaries. Individual state governments have evolved throughout American history in response to political needs and partisan and ideological belief systems. They protect the infringement of civil rights and liberties of its citizens, greater than that of the federal constitution putting more vested power in state legislatures and less within executive authority. The original thirteen colonies of the U.S. recognized by the Articles of Confederation wanted to place power and authority in the hands of a small, privileged class
Federalism is a system of government in where the power of the country is divided amongst the national and state governments. Each of these governments has both its advantages and disadvantages that I will be discussing in this forum. I will as well state my opinion on what I believe the American federal system gives the citizens of the nation.
The concept of devolution was first introduced in 1998 in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is made up of England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. Devolution can be defined as the process whereby the central authority delegates part of her powers to the local or regional authority to exercise on her behalf. In this case, the UK parliament, which is the central authority, transfers some of its powers to the local authorities which are the Scottish parliament, the Northern Ireland parliament, the London Assembly and the National Assembly for Wales.