Mechanical pulping is typically used for softwood.One of the advantages of mechanical pulping is it has a great yield around 95% from dry weight of input material,however it requires great energy, because the resulted paper are opaque, weaker and easily to discoloration with the exposure to the light.The mechanical pulps are more weaker than the chemical pulps, however it ia more cheaper to produce (about 50% of the costs of chemical pulp). Moreover, they give the yield with the ranging from 85–95%24.
Many methods used in mechanical pulping, the earliest method is groundwood process. This method is pressed length wise against a rough, revolving grinding stone. Another process, refiner mechanical pulp (RMP) utilizes chips are shredded into
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There are three approaches to treatment: pre-treatment, post-treatment, and inter-stage treatment.
Pre-treatments of wood chips aim primarily to lower energy consumption. Post-treatments aim to flexibilize fibers, to produce better bonding in the paper. Inter-stage treatments aim at some combination of these two. Sulphonation is one common form ofchemical treatment. Here wood or fibers are reacted with sodium sulphite or sodium bisulphate to produce a reaction in which sulphonic acid breaks down the lignin in the wood
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Chemical thermomechanical pulping involves treating softwood chips with mild sulfite solutions to modify the lignin and partially delignify the wood prior to grinding in a refiner. High tear resistant paper is resulted from “sulfonation” treatment compare with thermomechanical, refiner, or stone-ground pulps. Chemical thermomechanical pulping results the decreasing of pulp yields between 85 to 90%, however, these yields are still higher than chemical pulping (40 to 56 %). Chemical thermomechanical pulping is commonly used for manufacture printing & writing papers, tissue and packaging boards
Alkaline and peroxide are commonly used in Chemical thermomechanical pulping. The Alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP) gives had several advantages, such as give a good pulp quality, eliminate a bleach plant, and energy savings compare to the conventional chemical thermomechanical pulping process. Therefore, APMP is a good pulping method for low-density hardwoods such as for aspen and eucalyptus28,
4. Using recycled fibers from paper has several advantages, including lower cost to recycle paper than produce pulp.
However, despite its many advantages biomass still has many disadvantages. Firstly it is not as efficient as fossil fuels, for example the ethanol produced for cars via biomass is not even close to the efficiency of petrol and does damage to engines over time. It also has the potential to harm the environment through increase of methane gases which are produced as a bi-product if animal and human waste is used. Biomass also requires a large distance away from residential areas in order to burn it and a large amount of fuel in comparison to other energy sources which can have dramatic effects if large portions of forests are cut down to provide lumber.1
It is better for the environment. We don't have to waste as many trees as we do for paper. The production of paper would stop and we wouldn't need to kill trees. It also doesn’t put smoke in the air.
Pines in the forest of Morne des Commissaires is often distorted because of Loranthacee parasite. The parasite is endemic to Hispaniola, l’Arceuthobium bicarinatum Urb. (fig. 11). Even though the plant is being parasitized, it keeps its height and gives an excellent wood. Currently, the pines wood is being exploited in abundance for the need of the “Shada” war (society Haitian-American of agriculture
In the search for new biofuels, research has been done into the digestion of wood waste by fungi.
There seems to be little doubt that the present wood supply cannot withstand in-definitely the demands placed upon it, and with increased scarcity economy in the use of wood will become imperative. This effect is already apparent in many wood-using industries, and although the paper industry consumes only about 3 per cent of the total forest cut, it is probable that it will be affected through this economy. Our forests are being cut three times as fast as they grow (USDA).
Timber is commonly harvested from plantation and processed until usable for construction. This process has a large impact on the environment and as I will be using timber to make my computer table I will be researching the impact that the timber I’m using has on the environment. The type of timber I will be using is called Pinus Radiata.
The paperboard manufacturing process begins by mixing pulp with water and chemicals in the first stage,
To begin, forest based industrialization is based on forest resources that are used to stimulate economic growth and development. One of the products that have been most important to human economies has always been wood. Wood is durable, light weight, easily worked, waterproof, and a good fiber source. Wood is used in almost every aspect of our lives, for building materials, living, and just surviving. We need wood to build our homes to live in and buildings in which we work and spend the other resource that comes from trees “money”. Studies show that 70% of the products that we use a day are made of some kind of wood. If we were to look around our homes and count all the items that are made of wood we would probably find that 60 percent are made of wood. Without wood humans and other species would never be able to survive.
Given the issue of deforestation and the link to global warming, IKEA would need to take into consideration finding a low-cost material as a replacement for wood.
While manufacturing papers we use wood pulp from trees, producing plastic requires the use of
NC Machining is a process used in the manufacturing sector that involves the use of computers to control machine tools. Tools that can be controlled in this manner include lathes, mills, routers and grinders. The CNC in CNC Machining stands for Computer Numerical Control. On the surface, it may look like a normal PC controls the machines, but the computer's unique software and control console are what really sets the system apart for use in CNC machining. Under CNC Machining, machine tools function through numerical control. A computer program is customized for an object and the machines are programmed with CNC machining language (called G-code) that essentially controls all features like feed rate, coordination, location
Logging tropical hardwoods like teak, mahogany, rosewood and other timber for furniture, building materials, charcoal and other wood products is big business and creates big profits. Several species of tropical hardwoods are imported by developed counties, including America, just to build coffins which are then buried or burned. The demand, extraction and consumption of tropical hardwoods has been so massive that some countries which have been traditional exporters of tropical hardwoods are now importing the wood because they have already exhausted their supply by destroying their native rainforests in slash and burn operations. It is anticipated that The Philippines, Malaysia, The Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Thailand will all run out of rainforest hardwood for export within the next five years.
We live in a time where technology is improved and advanced every single day. The health care environment is no exception. The technology used for health care is constantly being refined and advanced in hopes to allow even better and more efficient care. One of these technological advancements that could revolutionize health care is 3D printing. Benefits 3D printing could provide include construction of prosthetic limbs as well as anatomical models aimed at determining patients’ needs and many more (Ventola, 2014). However, there are also disadvantages of this technology and one of the main disadvantages is the security issues it presents. There are both advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing but there is no denying the promise of this technology and the potential impact it could have.