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African American Factual Art

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Africans transported to the New World experienced brutal and inhuman treatments because of their skin color, race and religious ideals. Such ideals especially those of ritual significance were integrate and synchronize to those of the Western World in order to continue their “working models of heaven” without fear. Such religious or sacred objects that Africans reassembled when they were moved to the New World were the Minkisi (singular: Nkisi) which are powerful objects that educe healing. For example, the Yombe peoples, Democratic Republic of Congo, "Medicine bag (Nkisi Mbumba Mbondo)", early 20th century (Fig.1) and the Haitian, "Pacquet Kongo", 21st century (fig.2) are both powerful objects combined with earth substances and medicinal …show more content…

As such some differences seen in these two ritual artifacts are the stylistic of the beadings, color, materials, and containers used to make such powerful objects. Furthermore, what these artworks allow for is a consideration of the evolving and changing aesthetics of ritual and religious art coming from Africa into the Caribbean.
In a heterogeneous repertoire the African spiritual beliefs have undergone a religious reconstruction. This is so, because Africans were forced into slavery and submission and at the same time forced to leave behind any tangibles and religious traditions. They were remold and inhibited by diverse perspectives such as the Taino, Celtic, Enlightenment of France, Jesuits and the Masons, and among other new world influences and ideals.
In addition, in Wyatt MacGaffery’s article, he uses a collection of artworks called the Minkisi, located at the Swedish Ethnographic museum, to offer an analysis of the historical complexity and significance of the artifacts. Also, MacGaffey mentions the multitudinous complexity to study the Minkisi as much is needed to comprehend the usage of Minkisi in rituals and practices. To explain, much of the collected …show more content…

Robert Ferris Thompson also uses figure 1, “Mbumba Mbondo” to further elaborate the content and significance that this artifact represented. For instance, in accordance to this artifact the Kongo viewed this object as a sacred and powerful charm. In Thompson’s article the term’s etymology of “mbumba” is another term for Nkisi, however, “mbumba” is of higher class, referring to a higher connection to the dead of Kongo. It also explains that the word “mbumba” is a reference to a jar or basket. This jar as analyzed was decorated with materials as mentioned before and had also great significance such as white buttons symbolizing mystery and the bird feathers symbolizing “power that flies” that was meant and believed to be the connection to heaven. Furthermore, Figure 2 a more recent Nkisi is more vibrant and luminous or as referred to the illumination to call upon the Iwa. Now, according to Stephen D. Glazier’s article, the term “Iwa” or “Ioa” served in reference to spirits or deities, and this comes way back from African origins. To explain, in Africa the Kongo community would have the priest sanctify the Iwa to allow practice of devotion as a fellowship. However, in Haiti the relationship

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