African Americans And The Native Americans

The Native American children were educated at Carlisle in order to make a “better” transition into society for post-bellum America. Carlisle was located in Pennsylvania and was a reform school for Native American children. “Carlisle fills young Indians with the spirit of loyalty to the stars and stripes, and moves them out into your communities to show by their conduct and ability that the Indian is no different from the white or colored, that he has the inalienable right to liberty and opportunity that the white and the negro have (Paul Prucha 68).” The Native Americans didn’t have the liberty to live on their land as they were before the whites arrived; “By 1979, my people were no longer free, but were confined on reservations under the rule of agents (Standing Bear 69-71).” The Native American children such as Luther Standing Bear were taken from their families, land, and tradition to be reformed into a civilized American. Luther Standing Bear recalls his time at Carlisle; “The task before us was not only that of accepting new ideas and adopting new manners, but physical changes and discomfort had to be borne un complainingly until the body adjusted itself to new tastes and habits (Standing Bear 69-71).” The Native American children’s names, attire, religion, and diet were changed to that of the white Americans. “…the change in clothing, housing, food, and confinement combined with lonesomeness was too much, and in three years nearly one half of the children from the Plains were dead… (Standing Bear

Boarding schools were an issue that plagued both Native Americans and Inupiats. As conveyed by the writings of Mary Crow Dog and other Native American figures, we see how the effects of such schools were devastating to the native population. Boarding schools wiped Natives of their language and culture, teaching young children to be ashamed of what makes them unique. Pupils would return from their long stays at boarding schools, unable to speak to their own family, resulting in an isolation between themselves and their community. Over the years, generations would eventually lose most of what makes them native and, for the most part, their culture slowly faded away. It seems that the Inupiat people faced a similar fate. Inupiat children were forced to learn by Western standards, eventually forgetting their crucial survival skills, language, religion and other unique aspects of their culture. However, we are exposed to a more positive outlook towards boarding schools in the book, Fifty Miles from Tomorrow, where William Hensley says he enjoyed his boarding school

The Dawes Act not only impacted the current inhabitants of the indigenous lands, it also affected the future generation of Indians; since the culture was being readjusted to be acceptable for American standards. On the new lands granted to the Indians were private government-run boarding schools in order to successfully assimilate children of the native population into society. In Document F, the weekly lesson plan of the Day

For more than 300 years, since the days of Christopher Columbus and the Spanish Government, an attempt of genocide of the Native American Indian has existed. From mass brutal murders and destruction by Spanish and American armies, to self-annihilation through suicide, homicide, and alcohol induced deaths brought about because of failed internal colonialism and white racial framing. Early Explores used Indigenous inhabitants upon first arriving to the America’s to survive the New World and once they adapted, internal colonialism began with attempts to convert the Indians to Christianity, repressing their values and way of life, forcing them into slavery, and nearly exterminating an entire culture from existence.

The Native American Indian Boarding School was an institution designed by missionaries to "assimilate" the Native American children to adopt American culture. Assimilation was intended to strip young children of everything they knew of their own culture and replace it with what the white man saw fit ultimately because they were threatened by the native people they had suppressed. As far as being successful, the schools did separate the children from their parents and tribe therefore weakening the tribes legacy for the future. The objective was to enfeeble the natives into submission. Concurrently, the public was told the children were being properly educated. Studies in English, business economics and etiquette was the publicized curriculum.

The entire goal of the boarding school was to take a massive amount of an entire Native American generation, and change their overall outlook on life by educating them in the western way instead of allowing them to grow up in their Native households. In the end you will be left with a mass amount of civilized Native Americans, and not many of their generation will be able to keep the Native American way of life alive because they do not know much about it. This is a very effective tactic used by the settlers. It serves to kidnap an entire generation of Native Americans, and turn them into westernized peoples, who can be easily placed infiltrate a Native American community.

In 1820, the United States made plans for a large scale system of boarding and day schools Noriega, 377). These schools were given the mission to, "instruct its students in 'letters, labor and mechanical arts, and morals and Christianity;' 'training many Indian leaders'" Noriega, 378). In the case of boarding schools, Native American children would be forcibly stripped from their homes as early as five years old. They would then live sequestered from their families and cultures until the age of seventeen or eighteen (Noriega, 381). <br><br>In 1886, it was decided, by the United States federal government that Native American tribal groups would no longer be treated as 'indigenous national governments.' The decision was made, not by the conjoint efforts of the Native American tribes and Congress; but, by the "powers that be" the United States Legal System. This self-ordained power allowed Congress to pass a variety of other laws, directed towards, assimilating, Native Americans, so that they would become a part of "mainstream white America" (Robbins, 90)<br><br>By this time the United States Government, had been funding over a dozen distinct agencies, to provide mandatory 'education' to all native children aged six through sixteen. Enrollment was enforced through leverage given by the 1887 General Allotment Act, which made Natives dependent on the Government for

When the Europeans immigrated to North America they established the Indian Bureau in the War Department due to the Indian Problem who main goal was to manage the Native Americans. Disease was a huge epidemic it caused tremendous amounts of Native people to die due to no immunity to the diseases. The federal government began the Indian Removal of the Native tribes. From that, the federal government created the boarding schools where they were enculturated by religion, language, physical features, clothing, and vocational education. The Dawes Act contributed to 90 million acres of land loss to Native tribes. The 1982 Merian Report contributed to changing the school system. The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 began with assimilating the Sioux nation into the European way of life which effected their health and overall welfare. The Europeans used the education system to assimilate them into their culture and language. Due to the assimilation it affected the Sioux people through the NCLB act. In order to decolonize our people the education system needs respect and to add our cultural side into the pedagogy. In order for Native students to be successful in school they need to acknowledge how important it is to learn our culture in schools. The U.S. Indian office supported the schools to be culturally sensitive and began educating teachers to teach in Native schools. Alaska has experienced the assimilation through boarding schools. Stephen talks about his experience as an educator and

Native Americans put up a good fight in defending their homelands against foreign invaders. Unfortunately, they suffered defeat and realized they would have to adapt to a new way of life. The battle for their lands was over, but the battle for their identities would just begin. However, it would not be the hardened warriors engaging in this conflict. Instead, the young Native American children would witness first-hand the American government’s solution to the Indian problem. Boarding schools were established to assimilate Native American children into white society. These boarding schools had both positive and negative impacts on the children.

During the late 1870s, the construction of boarding schools for American Indians began. The purpose of these schools was to introduce the American Indians the skills necessary to function in the American society. In other words, the white American society forced the Indians to assimilate into the white culture and strip them of their Native American traditions. There has been a lot of controversy about whether or not the assimilation of the American Indians was to benefit them, or to get rid of the ethnicities the society disliked. So many people say it was imperative because that was a way to help Indians survive in the American society. However, other people object to this belief because they consider it racism. So what was the easiest way

selves, basically not allowed to do anything that is not of the Westerner way of life and if they didn’t they would be severely punished. Knowing that native people connect a lot with nature and spirits. We could see that the boarding school social construction came between them so that they couldn’t continue to connect with those two important aspects of their culture. Especially talking with the spirits because of what? The spirits couldn’t understand English. We can see that the boarding school really took a toll on these innocent native people. But, yet, Pratt stated that the boarding school was built and organized to help the natives. But was it really build to help them? Or was it just built to create an unbalance between whites and natives?

In the government boarding schools, the American Indian children were children were not treated well. They were not feed with good meals that were having the nutrients that they needed for their good health and physical wellbeing. In addition to that they were treated in a military style. If one students did something “wrong” they were given hard punishment that were sometime harming them physically and mentally. In the afternoon, their classes were on vocational training classes. One could imaging the trauma a child who is subjected to those harmful treatments can have in his/her life.

A document commissioned by the Department of Interior which shed light on the terrible boarding school conditions was the Meriam Report from 1928. This was the first report commissioned to look Native American boarding school conditions since the 1850s (“Native American Issue,” 2006). The report found that there was an alarmingly large number of children that died at Native American boarding schools. The Meriam Report states that infectious diseases were widespread, there was a great deal a malnutrition, overcrowding was an issue, poor sanitary conditions, and students were overworked (“Native American Issue,” 2006). Boarding schools have not kept a good record of the number of students enrolled therefore making it easier for these boarding schools to have overcrowding (Yuan et al., 2014). The Meriam Report suggested that Native American children should not be educated in separate institutions and that boarding schools need to change their point of view that the Native American culture is evil (“Native American Issue,” 2006).

As if life on the reservation was not hard enough, there came a time in a child’s life when he/she was taken away from their families and sent to a boarding school. The Annual report of the Department of Interior, 1901 wrote:

My thought on reasons for creating boarding schools for indigenous children. The imperial of the residential school system was to remove and isolate children from the power traditions culture, homes, and families, and to assimilate them into the dominant culture and having the fundamentals of the American academic education. These objectives based on the assumption on the native cultures and spiritual beliefs were inferior and unequal. Therefore, the westerner is "killing the Indian in the child” (Pratt). Recognizing this policy of the assimilation was wrong, which as we know caused a great harm within the culture. As we are aware of it, destroying their identity. For instance, from the Zitkala-Sa, when the westerners were cutting the girls hair. As the